CH 10 – Patterns of Inheritance (Lecture Review)

Thirty fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key terms and laws from Chapter 10: Patterns of Inheritance, including Mendel’s principles, genotype/phenotype terminology, pedigrees, genetic disorders, and extensions beyond classical Mendelian genetics.

Gregor Mendel studied __ plants to uncover basic principles of inheritance.

pea

Mendel’s explanation of heredity is called the __ theory of inheritance.

particulate

The true-breeding parents in Mendel’s crosses are referred to as the __ generation.

P

Offspring of the parental cross make up the __ generation.

F1

A __ square is used to calculate expected results of genetic crosses.

Punnett

An alternative form of a gene is known as an __.

allele

A dominant allele is symbolized by a(n) __ letter.

uppercase

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its __.

genotype

The observable characteristics of an organism constitute its __.

phenotype

An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is __.

homozygous

Mendel’s Law of __ states that each gamete carries only one factor for each trait.

Segregation

The Law of explains that allele pairs separate independently during gamete formation.

Independent Assortment

A chromosome consists of two joined at a centromere.

sister chromatids

In Mendel’s dihybrid cross, __ different phenotypes appeared in the F2 generation.

four

In a pedigree, males are represented by __.

squares

Sickle-cell disease is inherited as an autosomal __ disorder.

recessive

Osteogenesis imperfecta is an example of an autosomal __ disorder.

dominant

When the heterozygote’s phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygotes, __ dominance occurs.

incomplete

ABO blood type illustrates a trait controlled by __ alleles.

multiple

Traits governed by several genes exhibit __ inheritance.

polygenic

When one gene masks or overrides another, the interaction is called __.

epistatic

A single gene that affects multiple traits demonstrates __.

pleiotropy

Humans possess __ pairs of autosomes.

22

The sex chromosome pair in human males is __.

XY

A photographic display of an individual’s chromosomes is a __.

karyotype

Mendel observed an approximate __ : 1 dominant-to-recessive ratio in a monohybrid F2 generation.

3

In pea plants, yellow seed color (Y) masks green (y), making yellow the __ trait.

dominant

The bell-shaped distribution of polygenic traits arises from __ variation.

continuous

(1822-1884) is often called the “father of genetics.”

Gregor Mendel

Environmental influences on polygenic traits lead to phenotypic __.

variation