are couples becoming more equal?

explain the main view on whether couples are becoming more equal?

• most women now work part or full-time, so has this created more domestic equality or left women with a dual-burden

what is the march of progress view?

• women working has led to a more equal division of labour

• women in paid work has meant men are becoming just as involved in housework as childcare

what does research show about women and domestic work?

• that women who worked full time did less domestic work than other women

statistic?

British Social Attitudes Survey:

• 13% of men and 12% of women in 2013 believed in expressive/instrumental division of labour

• 1984, 45% of men and 41% off women in 1984.

what are 3 feminist views for why couples aren’t becoming more equal?

• women have responsibility for children

• women take responsibility of quality time

• women do emotion work and triple shift

what is the feminist views briefly?

• Women entering paid work has not ‘liberated’ them, but created a dual-burden with little evidence of the ‘new man’

whats a statistic to support this?

• Men do an average of 8hrs housework a week compared to women who do 13hrs.

explain the feminist view: responsibility for children?

• Surveys measuring who does what/how long for don’t tell us who has responsibility for ensuring the task is complete.

a statistic?

explain?

• Research to show 78% of fathers have high involvement with 3 year olds but only 1% took responsibility towards children

explain responsibility for quality time?

• women must coordinate, schedule and manage the family’s quality time.

• men and women tend to have similar amounts of leisure time but different experiences, e.g. men more likely to have uninterrupted blocks whilst women more likely to have leisure time disrupted by childcare

explain emotion work and triple shift?

• feminists say women must perform emotion work and control own emotions

• Women must perform triple shift - emotion, domestic and paid work

who says there are 2 explanations for the gender division of labour?

Crompton & Lyonette

what is the 1st?

the cultural explanation

explain?

• division of labour determined by patriarchal norms

• women do more domestic labour because society expects them to - socialised that way

whats a piece of evidence for this?

• lesbian couples have more symmetrical relationships as there are no gender scripts in lesbian relationships

when does this mean equality will be achieved?

when gender role norms change

what’s the second explanation?

• the material explanation

explain this?

women earn less than men on average due to gender pay gap so so it’s financially rational for them to complete domestic work whilst the man goes to work

whats the gender pay gap?

difference in average hourly wage of all men and women in workforce (affected by factors like women working part-time)

when will equality be achieved?

• if women join labour force and earn as much as husbands

who researched into gender scripts and lesbian couples?

• Dunne

what are gender scripts?

norms that set out gender roles men and women are expected to play - e.g. women cook, men clean car

explain the lesbian couples research?

lesbian couples with dependant children more likely than heterosexual women to describe their relationship as equal

what does Dunne say this is because?

there are no gender scripts/ ingrained ideas about what each partner ‘should’ do - allows their relationship to be more negotiated and equal