Production and Evaluation of Dental Radiographs

acetic acid

chemical used in development of radiographs to stop the developing action and provide the required acidly for the sodium thiosulfate to work

automatic processing

processing of dental x-rays using automated equipment

bisecting technique

x-ray technique that applies the geometric principle in which the central ray bisects the angle formed by the dental film and the long axis of the tooth

bite-wing

intraoral radiograph that shows the maxillary and mandibular crowns in occlusion

blurred images

images on x-ray film that are out of fcus

clear film

a film that was not exposed to radiTION

cone cutting

partial image created when the central beam misses the x-ray film

cross-section technique

technique used to exposed occlusal radiograph

developer solution

the first chemical solution used to process twice

double exposure

a technique error in which film was exposed twice

duplication technique

a technique whereby dental radiographs are reproduced on specialized film

elon

a chemical reducer used in development of radiographs to blacken the exposed silver halide crystals

elongation

a technique error that elongates the image of the teeth

film artifact

marks on x-ray film that are caused by errors or other subsrances on the patient such as surgical staple, earrings, etc.

fixer solution

the second chemical solution used I processing radiographs

fogged film

an x-ray film that appears dark and dene related to old or overused chemicals

foreshortening

a technique error whereby the image of the teeth is shortened

herringbone pattern

a cross pattern that appears on the film that has been placed backward in the mouth; caused by the pattern on the lead foil

horizontal angulation

adjustment of angulation from left to right; improper angulation shows overlapping teeth

hydroquinone

a chemical used in development of radiographs; a reducing agent used to blacken exposed silver halide crystals

interproximal

radiographs; also known as bite-wing radiographs

manual processing

processing dental x-rays using a manual tank with developer, running water, and fixer

occlusal radiographs

radiographs that expose the maxillary or mandibular occusal surface of the dental arch

overlapping

x-ray technique error resulting from improper horizontal angulation

oxidation

a process where solutions combine with oxygen and then the solutions lose strength and volume

paralleling technique

x-ray technique, also known as the right-angle technique, whereby the film and tooth and PID are parallel

partial image

am x-ray film processing error due to the film placement in the processing tank when the solution levels are low

pediatric dentistry

dental specialty concerned with prevention of oral disease, diagnosis, and treatment of oral care in children from birth to adolescence

periapical

x-ray showing the tooth and surrounding tissues

potassium alum

a chemical used in development of radiographs that shrimks and hardens the emulsion gelatin

potassium bromide

a chemical used in development of radiographs to slow the developing process to a practical speed and prevent film fog

quality radiograph

a radiograph that shows all structure in a manner that makes assessment and diagnosis efficient and clear

radiopaque

white or light region on the x-ray indicating where radiation was blocked by tissue or a substance

replenish

to refill with new solutions

reticulation

processing error that shows on the dental film when the film emulsion is exposed to extreme temperture variation; normally shows as pitting or wrinkling of the emulsion

sodium carbonate

a chemical used in radiographs as an alkaline medium in developer

sodium sulfite

a chemical used in radiographs to prevent oxidation and to increase the life span of the developer solution

sodium thiosulfate

a chemical used in development of radiographs for removal of unexposed and undeveloped crystals from the film

topographic technique

technique used to expose occlusal radiographs

underexposed x-rays

when the x-ray film appears light and has a thin image

vertical angulation

adjustment of angulation from top to bottom; improper vertical angulation shows teeth elongated or foreshortened