English - Canons of rhetoric

Canon - Invention

Creating your Arguments & Topics

Canon - Arrangement

How your arguments are structured, includes: exordium, narratio, propositio, partitio, confirmatio/refutatio, peroratio

Canon - Style

How are arguments presented, includes, figures of speech and Metaphor/Metonymy

Canon - Memory

How well the orator & audience remember the arguments

Canon - Delivery

The orators delivery, use of ethos, and style(canon). The orators charisma?

Rhetorical Situation

• Speaker

• Audience

• Exigence

• Constraints(+ Opportunities)

Speaker

Who is speaking

Audience

Who is the speech ment for, not always simple, not just the people in front of the orator, but the people who will hear/speech later, through the internet or word of mouth

Exigence

Why is the orator giving the speech, the reason. What does the orator want with this speech

Constraints(+ Opportunities)

The constraints & opportunities of the speech influenced by the audience and the speaker

Ethos

The credibility and character of the speaker - who they are and why they are knowledgable and a person who should be talking about the topic(s)

Pathos

Appealing to the emotions of the audience

Logos

The logic of the arguments - facts and figures

Proper Order ?

Ethos - beginning | Logos - middle | Pathos - end

Topics / Topoi

The basis of the arguments - related to logos

Exordium

Ethos - Intro - The hook, where you capture the audience and make them care as well as subtly establish your ethos

Narratio

Ethos - Intro - the facts, your backstory sets up for Propositio

Propositio

Ethos - Intro - your thesis, without the mapping statement, your main argument!

Partitio

Ethos - Intro - mapping statement, outline of your arguments

Confirmatio + Refutatio

Logos - Main body

Confirmatio - The main proofs, supports your main claim

Refutatio - Adress the counter arguements

These two loop over for your body paragraphs

Peroratio

Pathos - Conclusion - Tie everything together, reiterate your main points, its a conclusion..

Metaphor

When you can understand one thing in terms of other things, if you can turn it into simile then its a metaphor. Parts are not really related.

Ex. That guy is a machine! « see comparing the guy to a machine, guy and machine are not related

Metonymy

Substituting one thing for another thing, closely related.

Ex. Nice wheels! « see the car and wheels are closely related hense metonymy

Antithesis

Putting two opposite ideas together.

Ex. My grandfather is in the prime of his life « grandfathers usually equal old and not in prime of life, two very opposite ideas.

Anaphora

Repetition at the beginning of the clause, the structure follows, AB AC AD AE…..

Epistrophe/Antistrophe

Repetition at the end of the clause, the structure follows, AB CB DB EB…..

Anadisplosis

The thing at the end of the clause is at the beginning of the next clause, the structure follows, AB BC or if its extreme, AB BC CD DE EF

Chiasmus

The things at the beginning and end of the clause are swapped, the structured follows, AB BA

The words do not have to be the exact same

Isocolin

Parallel structures, “We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty” (JFK). It has the same 'vibe'