Human Transport System in Animals

These flashcards cover the key concepts and functions of the human transport system, including the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

The cardiovascular system transports nutrients, oxygen, metabolic wastes, hormones, and enzymes throughout the body.

What is the role of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

Acts as a pump that generates pressure to drive blood throughout the body.

What does blood become in the systemic circuit?

Oxygen-rich blood.

What does blood become in the pulmonary circuit?

Oxygen-poor blood.

What is the muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart called?

Septum.

What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?

Ventricular diastole and ventricular systole.

What causes the first heart sound ('lub')?

The closing of the atrioventricular valves.

What is the pressure in arteries compared to veins?

Blood pressure is very high in arteries due to the pumping action of the heart, whereas it is low in veins.

What is the structure of capillary walls?

Capillary walls are one cell thick to allow for rapid exchange of materials.

What components make up blood?

Blood consists of blood cells (white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets) suspended in plasma.

What is the primary function of lymph vessels?

They transport lymph and help return excess tissue fluid back to the blood.

What is the overall function of the lymphatic system?

It collects and returns excess tissue fluid to blood, provides body defense, and transports lipids.

What role do lymph nodes play in the lymphatic system?

Lymph nodes are where white blood cells mature and accumulate to filter pathogens.