Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Blood
Represents about 8% of total body weight; sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste.
Oxygen-rich blood color
Scarlet.
Oxygen-poor blood color
Dark red.
Blood pH range
7.35–7.45.
Normal body temperature of blood
38°C, slightly higher than normal.
Average blood volume in women
Approximately 5 liters.
Average blood volume in men
Approximately 5.5 liters.
Plasma
Liquid portion of blood that consists of water, electrolytes, nutrients, waste, hormones, and plasma proteins.
Functions of plasma proteins
Exert osmotic effect, buffer pH changes, and transport substances.
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells responsible for transporting O2 and CO2.
Leukocytes
White blood cells that act as mobile defense units of the immune system.
Platelets
Cell fragments critical in hemostasis.
Nutrient transport in blood
Nutrients, wastes, gases, and hormones are transported.
Neutrophils
Engulf bacteria and debris.
Eosinophils
Attack parasitic worms and are involved in allergic reactions.
Basophils
Release histamine and heparin during allergic reactions.
Monocytes
Develop into tissue macrophages after migrating into tissues.
Lymphocytes
Include B lymphocytes which produce antibodies and T lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
RBC structure characteristics
Biconcave discs that provide a larger surface area for gas diffusion.
Hemoglobin (Hb) function
Carries O2 and can combine with CO2, H+, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide.
Oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin bound to oxygen, appears bright red.
Deoxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin without oxygen, appears dark red.
Carbaminohemoglobin
Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide.
Erythropoiesis
The production of red blood cells from hemocytoblasts.
Aglutinogens
Glycoprotein antigens on RBC membranes that determine blood type.
ABO blood types
Classified based on the presence of A and B antigens.
Rh factor
Indicates the presence of Rh agglutinogens (Rh+) or absence (Rh-).
Thrombocytes
Another term for platelets; they are involved in blood clotting.
Hemostasis
Process that prevents blood loss from damaged vessels, involving vascular spasm and platelet plug formation.
Clotting cascade
A series of steps involving plasma clotting factors that lead to fibrin formation.
Thrombus
An abnormal clot attached to a vessel wall.
Embolus
A freely floating clot within the bloodstream.
Neutrophils role
First responders to bacterial infection and debris cleanup.
Eosinophils role
Combat parasites and respond to allergic reactions.
Basophils role
Release histamine and heparin in allergic reactions.
Monocytes role
Develop into macrophages that phagocytize debris.
Lymphocyte lifespan
About 100 to 300 days.
B lymphocytes
Produce antibodies responsible for humoral immunity.
T lymphocytes
Destroy infected or cancerous cells through cell-mediated immunity.
White blood cell (WBC) concentration
Approximately 7,000 WBC per mm³ of blood.
Erythrocyte count
About 5 million RBCs per mm³ of blood.
Platelet count
Approximately 250,000 platelets per mm³ of blood.
Plasma proteins roles
Transport substances, buffer pH, and exert osmotic pressure.
Hemoglobin percentage in erythrocytes
More than 97% (discounting water content).
ADP in hemostasis
Adenosine diphosphate that activates platelet aggregation.
Thrombopoietin
Hormone that increases platelet production.
Intrinsic pathway of clot formation
Initiated by contact with exposed collagen.
Extrinsic pathway of clot formation
Involves tissue factors external to blood.
RBC antigen types
30 varieties of naturally occurring RBC antigens are known.
Human blood groups
Classified mainly by ABO and Rh factors, which determine compatibility.
ABO blood plasma antibodies
Anti-A or Anti-B antibodies are present depending on blood type.
Macrophages
Mature monocytes that effectively phagocytize pathogens.
Immune system function
Identifies and neutralizes foreign materials.
Function of leukocytes
Defend against pathogens, identify and destroy cancer cells, clear debris.
Differential WBC count
Percentage distribution of different types of leukocytes.
Blood flow in hemostasis
Reduces through vessel spasming during injury.
Clot formation process
Reinforces platelet plug, converts blood into a gel.
Fibrinogen
Inactive precursor that converts to fibrin during clot formation.
Hemophilia
Excessive bleeding due to deficiencies in clotting factors.
Thromboembolism causes
Roughened vessel surfaces, slow-moving blood, and clotting imbalances.
Blood type compatibility
Blood type must be compatible for safe transfusions.
Anemia
A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
Sickle cell disease
A genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin, causing misshapen red blood cells.
Leukemia
A type of cancer that affects white blood cells and bone marrow.
Plasma exchange
A medical procedure to remove and replace plasma from the blood.
Iron deficiency
A common cause of anemia caused by a lack of iron in the diet or malabsorption.
Coagulation factors
Proteins that work together to form blood clots and stop bleeding.
Blood donation
The voluntary procedure of giving blood for transfusions or medical use.
Anaphylaxis
A severe allergic reaction that can lead to shock and is life-threatening.
Thrombocytopenia
A condition characterized by an abnormally low number of platelets.
Note 
Flashcard (95)