Data Collection and Sampling (Video)

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering the key concepts from Data Collection and Sampling lecture notes.

The data collection method used to measure something is a __.

Test

A data collection instrument completed by participants to measure opinions is a __.

Questionnaire

A data collection method where the interviewer asks questions is an __.

Interview

A data collection method involving a moderator-led discussion with a small group is a __.

Focus group

A data collection method where the researcher records events/behaviors is called __.

Observation

Data collected from sources left behind or originally used for another purpose are called __ data.

Existing

A test that is existing and tested in previous research, with information on reliability, validity, and norms, is a __.

Standardized

A test that is newly developed to test variables of interest is a __.

Researcher-constructed

The current version of the WAIS is __.

WAIS-IV

WISC stands for __.

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

WAIS stands for __.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

The WAIS-IV includes about __ core sub tests.

10

Questionnaires can include two types of questions: __ and Open-ended.

Closed-ended

For open-ended questions, participants provide answers in their own __.

Words

An example measure of subjective wellbeing is the __.

Satisfaction with Life Scale

In interviews, the interviewer asks the participant a series of __.

Questions

A formal semi-structured interview is one where questions are prepared in advance with identified probes; this style is called __.

Formal semi-structured

In-depth, open-ended interviews focus on digging into a person's understanding of their experiences; this style is called __.

In-Depth, Open-ended

Informal, Open-ended interviews are conducted as __ conversations about the participant's experiences.

Casual

Natural Conversations typically involve a(n) __ exchange between the researcher and participant.

bi-directional

An example interview in sport contexts is abbreviated as __ (SCIP).

SCIP

A Focus group is a data collection method described as a __, because interaction among participants is emphasized.

group interview

A Focus group data collection method is described as a __ where a moderator leads a discussion with a small group of participants.

moderator

Observation that takes place in the real world is called __ observation.

Naturalistic

Standardization is key to quantitative observation and involves standardizing the who, what, where, when, and how; this is called __.

Standardization

Time interval sampling records observations during pre-selected __.

time intervals

Event sampling records observations every time a particular __ occurs.

Event

Qualitative observation falls on a continuum from Complete observer to Complete participant; the extreme form where the researcher remains outside is called __.

Complete observer

In the continuum, the form where the researcher spends extensive time inside the group and obtains informed consent is called __.

Complete participant

Ethnography (+ Auto-ethnography) involves immersion in a culture and is underpinned by reflexivity; this method is a form of __ research.

Ethnography

One approach of Indigenous methodologies is Participatory Action Research (PAR) and __ Participatory Research (CBPR).

Community-Based

Yarning Circles/Story-telling emphasize oral language and reciprocity; this is an example of Aboriginal research practice focusing on __.

reciprocity

Population = the __ set of elements from which the sample is selected.

full

Sample = the __ set of elements selected from a population.

subset

Element = the basic unit selected from the __.

population

Sampling aims to obtain a __ sample that resembles the population.

representative

EPSEM stands for Equal Probability of __ Method.

Selection

A sampling frame is a __ of all the elements in a population.

list

Response rate is the percentage of individuals selected who actually __ in the study.

participate

Simple Random Sampling is the method where every individual has an __ chance of selection.

equal

In Simple Random Sampling, sampling 'without replacement' means a selected person cannot be __ again.

selected

Stratified Random Sampling divides the population into mutually exclusive groups called __.

strata

Proportional stratified sampling aims to keep the sample proportions the same as the population __.

proportions

Disproportional Stratified Sampling sets sample proportions to be different from the population __.

proportions

Cluster Random Sampling involves randomly selecting __ which contain multiple elements.

clusters

In 1-stage cluster sampling, after selecting clusters you include __ within each chosen cluster.

all individuals

In 2-stage cluster sampling, after selecting clusters you randomly select __ within each cluster.

individuals

Systematic Sampling Step 1: Determine the sampling interval K = __ divided by desired sample size.

population size

Systematic Sampling Step 2: Randomly select a number between 1 and K and include that person; Step 3: also include every __ element in your sample.

Kth

Periodicicity refers to a potential problem with systematic sampling when there is a cyclical pattern in the __.

sampling frame

Non-random sampling technique using people readily available, such as university students, is called __ sampling.

Convenience

Quota sampling sets quotas for predetermined categories and uses non-random methods to fill them; this is a type of __ sampling.

Quota

Purposive sampling involves selecting individuals with specific __.

characteristics

Snowball sampling starts with a participant who then identifies __ participants.

additional

Random Sampling is tied to external validity, while Random Assignment is tied to __ validity.

internal

If the population is less than __, the recommendation is to use the entire population.

100

Larger samples are needed if the population is __ or if you want to break the sample into subcategories.

heterogeneous

A common tool for rough sample size estimates in texts is Table __ in the textbook.

5.3

A calculator can be used to determine an appropriate __ size for the study.

sample

Qualitative Sampling and Mixed sampling refer to strengths-based approaches and combining methods to address research questions (RQs). The term for combining methods is __ sampling.

Mixed

Mixed sampling uses a __ of quantitative and qualitative methods tailored to the RQs.

combination