Industrialism, the Progressives, and the labor movement

What is amendment 16 about?

income tax

What is amendment 17 about?

people directly elect the senators

What is amendment 18 about?

prohibition of alcohol

What is amendment 19 about?

woman may now vote

What are factors that contributed to industrialization?

-lavish natural resources:fertile soil, raw meaterials

-growing population:grew from 5 mil in 1800 to 76 mil in 1900

-abundant sources of capital

-transportation system:rails, canals, rivers

-communication:telegraph/telephone

-new inventions and patent system

-new sources of power

Who were the four large figures during industrialism?

Andrew Carnegie- steel

J.P Morgan-banking

Rockefeller-oil

Cornelius Vandrebilt-railroads

What is a trust?

board of trustees that manage and control several separate companies

What is a holding company?

controlling stocks of various companies owned by the holding company

What is interlocking Directorate

one or more person on the board of directors of several companies

What is a merger

consolidation of two or more companies into one conglomerate

What is a monopoly

exclusive possession or control of a supply or trade in a commodity

What are advantages of big business?

-mass production

-wide distribution

-efficient management

What are abuses of big business?

-Elimination of competition

-power over consumers

-exploitation of workers

-influence of government

What's a philanthropist?

one who uses their wealth for the common good

What are the results of industrial growth?

-New products and services

-higher standard of living

-great fortunes

-growth of cities

-increased work trade and imperialism

-serious economic problems:

1 preventing monopolies

2 protecting consumers and small business

3 improved living standard for work

4 levying their taxes

How does federal government react?

create anti trust laws ad federal trade commission to regulate abuses of big business

Theodore Roosevelt enforced these laws

serious effects to impose government regulations on business continued with taft and Woodrow Wilson

What are unions?

way for workers to have a voice in their own working conditions

-represent the desire of employees when negotiations are necessary with the employer

What were the goals of labor?

-higher wages

-shorter working hours

-improved working conditions

-benefits

-retirement plan

-job security

-guaranteed annual wage

What are the goals of management?

-good profits

-greater efficiency

-freedom to manage

-better relationships with employees

-keep morale high

What are peaceful ways to settle labor disputes?

collective bargaining-emplyees negotiate w/ employer through union representative which results in trade agreement

Mediation-if bargaining fails, third party can be asked to help solve dispute. Neither side bound to accept conditions

Arbitration-last resort which results in new third parry idea that both sides have to agree to before its made.

What are non-peaceful ways to settle labor disputes?

Lockout-employers keep workers from job

Injunctions-court order forbids union to strike

blacklist-names of employees placed on the last

-strikebreakers-scabs: employer hires other worker

What's some general info of urbanization?

1790: 3.3% of population lived in cities

1890: 33% of population lived in cities

urban core degrades as this wig gad the means moved farther out

Why was there opposition to immigration?

-no more cheap land

-too much competition for jobs

-immigrants uneducated and refused job become americanized

-formed ghettos

-some found east and south europeans and asians inferior to early immigrants

What was the defense of immigration?

-immigrants supplied a cheap labor force

-former farm workers contributed to the growing problems in cities not only immigrants

-new immigrants assimilated as well as the German and Irish had.

What did Populist party believe?

-free and unlimited coinage of silver

-graduated income tax

-government ownership of public things

-secret ballot and direct election of senators

-shorter working hours and restrictions on immigration.

Who was William Jennings Bryan?

- Democratic candidate endorsed by populists

- attacked gold standard

-government responsibility for economic well being of the people.

Who was William McKinley?

-conservative eastern business and baking interests

-opposed free silver, supported gold standard, advocated high tariff

- non-interferance of government with business

What was the Progressive Movement?

-movement to improve American life and correct abuses which had crept into American society and government

-expand democracy and shift control of government to people

-achieve economic justice by giving opportunity yo small business

-thought industrialism was good but needed correction

What were political accomplishments?

-direct primaries

-regulation of campaign contributions and spending

-secret ballot

-recall

city manager and commission forms of city governments

-civil service tests required for city and state employees

What were economic accomplishments?

-state regulation of railroads and utilities

-consumer protection laws

-fair taxation and income tax amendment

What were social accomplishments?

-child labor laws

-meat inspection act

-minimum wage laws for women

-pure food and drug act

-welfare for dependent children, widows, and aged

worker compensation

-NAACP

What did president Teddy Roosevelt do?

-enforced anti-trust laws

-square deal

What did president Woodrow Wilson do?

-enforced anti trust regulation

-supported federal income tax

-federal reserve act creates a central bank