Gas Laws Vocabulary

Unit 8 H Chem

Kinetic Molecular Theory (5 points)

A theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion. It describes 1)how gas particles move freely, 2)collide with each other and the walls of their container, and 3)how temperature relates to particle speed4) how gas pressure is produced by collisions, and 5) how the size of particles is negligible compared to the distances between them.

STP

Standard Temperature and Pressure, defined as 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere of pressure, which are commonly used as reference conditions for gas calculations.

Monometer

A device used to measure pressure differences in gases, typically consisting of a U-shaped tube filled with liquid.

Barometer

An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, usually consisting of a sealed glass tube filled with mercury or another liquid.

Boyle’s Law

A gas law stating that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.

Charles Law

A gas law stating that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin at constant pressure.

Guy-Lussac’s Law

A gas law stating that the pressure of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin at constant volume.

Combined Gas Law

A gas law that combines Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law, showing the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed amount of gas.

Dalton’s Law of partial pressure

states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture.

Graham’s Law of Effusion

A gas law that states the rates of effusion of two gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses.

Tor

A unit of pressure defined as 1/760 of an atmosphere, commonly used in measuring gas pressures.

mmHg

A unit of pressure defined as the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 1 millimeter high, equivalent to 1 torr.

atm

A unit of pressure defined as the average atmospheric pressure at sea level, equivalent to 101.325 kPa or 760 mmHg.

Kelvin

A unit of temperature that is used in scientific measurements, defined as the absolute temperature scale where 0 Kelvin is equivalent to -273.15 degrees Celsius.

cc(cm^3)

A unit of volume equal to one cubic centimeter, commonly used to measure liquids. It is equivalent to 1 milliliter.

dm³

A unit of volume equivalent to one liter, commonly used in chemistry and physics for measuring larger volumes.

effusion (gas)

The process by which gas molecules escape through a tiny opening into a vacuum or another chamber, typically described by Graham's law.

diffusion

The process by which gas molecules spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, resulting in an even distribution.