Major Histocompatibility Complex and Immune System Review

A set of flashcards covering key concepts related to the major histocompatibility complex, immune responses, and diagnostic testing based on lecture notes.

What do MHC 1 genes encode for?

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-a, b, c.

How can a hapten be best described?

A non-immunogenic material capable of stimulating an immune response only when bound to a carrier protein.

What is the difference between nephelometry and turbidimetry?

Nephelometry directly measures the amount of light scattered by particles in solution, while turbidimetry measures the decrease in incident-light intensity.

What type of cells primarily accomplish antigen processing?

Macrophages.

Which antibody class resides in mucosal linings?

IgA.

What infections are the VDRL and RPR tests used to presumptively identify?

Syphilis.

What defines the properties of an antibody class?

The FC end of the molecule.

What blood smear observation supports the diagnosis of multiple myeloma?

Plasma cells in bone marrow and elevated serum IgG with rouleaux formation.

Which test is NOT included in the classic TORCH panel?

Infectious mononucleosis.

What is a major macrophage-activating cytokine?

IFN-y (Interferon gamma).

What principle is nephelometry based on?

Turbidity resulting from specific antigen-coated latex particles agglutinated by corresponding antibody.

What immunoglobulin class is responsible for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN)?

IgG.

When are false positive results for HIV antibodies most likely to occur?

In patients that have an autoimmune disorder.

What is NOT associated with autoantibodies?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn.

What immunoglobulin is found in patients with multiple myeloma?

IgG.

What is the most significant class of microbial targets for natural killer cells?

Viruses.

What is significant in relation to serological testing?

Rise of antibody titers.

Which antibody class is associated with anaphylactic shock?

IgE.

What is correct regarding C-reactive protein?

It is usually elevated in pediatric bacterial infections.

What is NOT an advantage of HEp-2 and HEp-2000 over rodent tissue for ANA testing?

Human cell lines do not express Ro (SS-A) antigen.

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with a positive antinuclear antibody test with a centromere pattern at a 1:1280 titer?

CREST syndrome.

What method is considered the gold standard for ANA detection?

Slide-based immunofluorescent assay (IFA).

Which blood test can be collected in a SST?

Hepatitis B surface antigen.

What can be demonstrated in cytoplasmic patterns of fluorescent anti-nuclear antibody (FANA) testing?

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies seen in primary biliary cirrhosis.