1

Nutrition

Nutrition

is about eating a healthy and balanced diet. Food and drink provide the energy and nutrients you need to be healthy.

Amino Acids

______are the building blocks of proteins. The body produces many _____ and others come from food. The body absorbs ______ through the small intestine into the blood. Then the blood carries them throughout the body.

Blood Glucose

— also called blood sugar — is the main sugar found in the blood and the main source of energy for your body.

Calories

A unit of energy in food. Carbohydrates, fats, protein, and alcohol in the foods and drinks we eat provide food energy or "______."

Carbohydrates

______are one of the main types of nutrients. Your digestive system changes carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar). Your body uses this sugar for energy for your cells, tissues and organs. It stores any extra sugar in your liver and muscles for when it is needed.

Two types of Carbohydrates

Simple and Complex

Simple carbohydrates

_____ include natural and added sugars

Complex carbohydrates

_______ include whole grain breads and cereals, starchy vegetables and legumes.

Cholesterol

______is a waxy, fat-like substance that’s found in all cells of the body. Your body needs some _____ to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest foods. Your body makes all the ______ it needs. However, _______ also is found in some of the foods you eat. High levels of _______ in the blood can increase your risk of heart disease.

Dehydration

is a condition that happens when you do not take in enough liquids to replace those that you lose. You can lose liquids through frequent urinating, sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting. When you are dehydrated, your body does not have enough fluid and electrolytes to work properly.

Diet

Your____ is made up of what you eat and drink. There are many different types of ____ , such as vegetarian , weight loss , and ____ for people with certain health problems.

Dietary Supplements

A ______ is a product you take to supplement your diet. It contains one or more dietary ingredients (including vitamins; minerals; herbs or other botanicals; amino acids; and other substances). ________ do not have to go through the testing that drugs do for effectiveness and safety.

Digestion

is the process the body uses to break down food into nutrients. The body uses the nutrients for energy, growth, and cell repair.

Electrolytes

are minerals in body fluids. They include sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride. When you are dehydrated, your body does not have enough fluid and ______

Enzymes

are substances that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Fatty Acid

is a major component of fats that is used by the body for energy and tissue development.

Fiber

is a substance in plants. Dietary ____ is the kind you eat. It's a type of carbohydrate. You may also see it listed on a food label as soluble fiber or insoluble fiber. Both types have important health benefits. _____ makes you feel full faster, and stay full for a longer time. That can help you control your weight. It helps digestion and helps prevent constipation.

Gluten

is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. It can also be in products such as vitamin and nutrient supplements, lip balms, and certain medicines.

Glycemic Index

(GI) measures how a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood sugar.

HDL

stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is also known as “good” cholesterol. ____ is one of the two types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol throughout your body. It carries the cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.

LDL

stands for low-density lipoproteins. It is also known as “bad” cholesterol._____ is one of the two types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol throughout your body. A high ____ level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries.

Metabolism

is the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat.

Monounsaturated Fat

is a type of fat is found in avocados, canola oil, nuts, olives and olive oil, and seeds. Eating food that has more ________ (or "healthy fat") instead of saturated fat (like butter) may help lower cholesterol and reduce heart disease risk. However, ______ has the same number of calories as other types of fat and may contribute to weight gain if you eat too much of it.

Nutrient

are chemical compounds in food that are used by the body to function properly and maintain health. Examples include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

Nutrition Science

This field of study focuses on foods and substances in foods that help animals (and plants) to grow and stay healthy. ______ also includes behaviors and social factors related to food choices. The foods we eat provide energy (calories) and nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals, and water. Eating healthy foods in the right amounts gives your body energy to perform daily activities, helps you to maintain a healthy body weight, and can lower your risk for certain diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.

Polyunsaturated Fat

is a type of fat that is liquid at room temperature. There are two types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): omega-6 and omega-3. Omega-6 fatty acids are found in liquid vegetable oils, such as corn oil, safflower oil, and soybean oil. Omega-3 fatty acids come from plant sources—including canola oil, flaxseed, soybean oil, and walnuts—and from fish and shellfish.

Protein

is in every living cell in the body. Your body needs _____ from the foods you eat to build and maintain bones, muscles, and skin. You get ____ in your diet from meat, dairy products, nuts, and certain grains and beans. _____ from meat and other animal products are complete _____. This means they supply all of the amino acids the body can't make on its own. Plant _____ are incomplete. You must combine different types of plant _____ to get all of the amino acids your body needs. You need to eat _____ every day, because your body doesn't store it the way it stores fats or carbohydrates.

Saturated Fat

is a type of fat that is solid at room temperature. ______is found in full-fat dairy products (like butter, cheese, cream, regular ice cream, and whole milk), coconut oil, lard, palm oil, ready-to-eat meats, and the skin and fat of chicken and turkey, among other foods. _____ have the same number of calories as other types of fat, and may contribute to weight gain if eaten in excess. Eating a diet high in ______ also raises blood cholesterol and risk of heart disease.

Sodium

Table salt is made up of the elements _____ and chlorine - the technical name for salt is _____ chloride. Your body needs some ____ to work properly. It helps with the function of nerves and muscles. It also helps to keep the right balance of fluids in your body.

Sugar

are a type of simple carbohydrate. They have a sweet taste. _____ can be found naturally in fruits, vegetables, milk, and milk products. They are also added to many foods and drinks during preparation or processing. Types of _____ include glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Your digestive system breaks down ____ into glucose. Your cells use the glucose for energy.

Total Fat

Fat is a type of nutrient. You need a certain amount of fat in your diet to stay healthy, but not too much. Fats give you energy and help your body absorb vitamins. Dietary fat also plays a major role in your cholesterol levels. Not all fats are the same. You should try to avoid saturated fats and trans fats.

Trans Fat

is a type of fat that is created when liquid oils are changed into solid fats, like shortening and some margarines. It makes them last longer without going bad. It may also be found in crackers, cookies, and snack foods. Trans fat raises your LDL (bad) cholesterol and lowers your HDL (good) cholesterol.

Triglycerides

are a type of fat found in your blood. Too much of this type of fat may raise the risk of coronary artery heart disease, especially in women.