chapter 3 the cytoplasm

cellular form and function (cytoplasm/organelles only)

cytoskeleton

network of protein filaments and cylinders

organelles

internal structures of a cell that carry out specialized tasks

microfilaments

thin: actin

thick: myosin

intermediate filaments

mid sized

durable (collagen)

microtubules

attach to centrosome, form spindle apparatus

nucleus

control center of cell

largest organelle (5 μm)

nuclear envelope

double membrane around nucleus held together at nuclear pores

nucleoplasm

materials in nucleus

nucleoli

where ribosomes are produced

triplet code

3 nitrogenous bases in one DNA strand = single amino acid

endoplasmic reticulum

system of channels enclosed by membrane

rough er

covered with ribosomes

synthesis of digestive proteins and plasma membrane proteins

smooth er

no ribosomes

synthesis of lipids and calcium storage (skeletal and cardiac muscle)

ribosome

contains RNA and makes proteins essential for protein synthesis

found in nucleoli, (free) cytoplasm, (fixed) rough ER

golgi apparatus complex

synthesizes carbs, packages proteins

lysosome

packages enzymes bound by membrane, digests foreign material

autophagy

digestion of cell's surplus organelles

autolysis

digestion of surplus cell by itself "cell suicide"

perixosome

lysosome but different enzymes

abundant in liver and kidney

mitochondria

POWERHOUSE of the cell, oxygen and glucose -> energy extracted from organic molecules and transferred to ATP

centriole

important in cell division