REVIEWER SIR DOTE

CDI-6 FIRE INVESTIGATION

Location

In an open lumber yard where flames are reaching for the sky, it is a simple matter. But finding or locating a fire in a room in a cellar of a three-storey dormitory or building which is filled with dense smoke is not an easy task.

Confinement

confining the fire is the next step in strategy. Judgment, skill and experience must be used to the utmost to determine whether or not the fire is to be routine or a disaster confining the fire simply means to restrict its spread to its point of origin or at least to the area involved.

Extinguishment

extinguishing the fire may take as litter water that use in a booster line, or it may take thousands of gallons played through heavy appliance. The decision rests upon the judgment, skill, training and experience of the officer - in – charge.

Occupancy

Determine the number of people that occupy the building, including the materials that are found in it. Also note the nature of the units occupying the building.

Ventilation

It is a method used for clearing the building of smoke and gases, localize the fire and reduce smoke and forcible entry damage

Vertical ventilation

the method that must be worked from the top and down. Heated gases and smoke rise to the highest point and if confined, well tend to "mushroom" or rise to the highest point of the building, exerting their heating effect on everything they touch

Cross or horizontal ventilation

if the smoke and gases have not reached the higher levels, this can clear the earliest and generally most available for the common type of buildings, but the indiscriminate opening of windows and doors can defeat the purpose of ventilation.

Mechanical or forced ventilation

a process o or method of ventilation whereby a device such as smoke ejector is utilized to remove faster excessive heat and dense smoke in a confined building

AIDS RESCUE OPERATIONS

proper ventilation simplifies and expedites the rescue of victims by removing smoke and gases that endanger occupants trapped or unconscious and make the conditions safer for firefighters

SPEEDS ATTACK AND EXTINGUISHMENT

the removal of smoke, gases, and heat from the building permits firefighters to move rapidly and locate the area and proceed with extinguishment it will also reduce the danger of asphyxiation

REDUCES PROPERTY DAMAGES

rapid extinguishment of fire reduces property damage

REDUCES MUSHROOMING

when sufficient heat is confined in the area, the temperature of combustible materials rises to their ignition points.

Exposures

it is an action taken by the firefighters to cover or secure other buildings, people from exposing themselves near the affected area or danger from fire.

Exposure Hazard

Firefighters also use the term to identify a building that is not involved in a fire but because of its condition, position, or contents can become a hazard.

FIRE EXPOSURES

Refers to the property exposed to the fire, such as property directly across alleys or besides the fire building.

LIFE EXPOSURES

refers to the danger to the lives of the occupants of any building that is in line with the travel of dangerous fumes of gases thrown off by fire as well as to the occupants of any building that is seriously exposed to the fire from the building on fire.

Hydraulic Rescue Tools

are used by emergency rescue personnel to assist vehicle extrication of crash victims, as well as other rescues from small spaces.

CUTTER

a hydraulic tool which is designed to cut through metal. It is often called a crab-cutter, owing to the shape and configuration of its blades.

SPREADER

a hydraulic tool designed with 2 arms which have a narrow tip. The tip of the tool can be inserted into a narrow gap between two vehicle panels (such as between 2 doors, or between a door and a fender)

SPREADER - CUTTERS

designed for a particular application a combination tool is also available which combines the cutting and spreading function of separate tools into a single tool.

POWER

The most commonly used source is a separate power unit which is a small petrol engine connected to a hydraulic pump the oil is pressurized in the pump, and conveyed in a hose under pressure to the tool

Breathing Apparatus

A device that provides the user with an additional supply of air or breathing protection.

CLOSED CIRCUIT

type filters, supplement, and recirculates exhaled gas: it is used when a longer-duration supply of breathing gas is needed, such as in mine rescue and in long tunnels, and going through passages too narrow for a big open-circuit air cylinder

Open- circuit

industrial breathing set are filled with filtered, compressed air, rather than pure oxygen.

FACE PIECE

an assembly that fits into the face and transmitting air or oxygen to the user.

REGULATOR

a device that is used to control the pressure of air coming from the cylinder.

Black pack or sling pack

designed to hold the unit securely and comfortably on the wearer.

OVERHAUL

a complete and detailed check of the structures and materials involved in the fire to make sure that every spark and ember has been extinguished and to have an assurance against re-ignition.

SALVAGE

an action taken by the firefighters in preventing excessive damage by fire, smoke, and water with the use of a salvage cover or by removing materials out from the burning building.

Universal thread adapter

is a very useful tool on any fire vehicle. It can make a very quick connection to damaged or unusual size male hose connections.

HOSE JACKET

a hollow cylindrical or barrel-shaped device that opens lengthwise through the center on a set of hinges.

Hose clamp

a tool used to stop the flow of water in a fire hose without shutting off the source of water supply.

Hose strap

it is a 36-inch length of cloth strap with a handle on one end and a hook on the other. It is used for moving hose layouts, usually up ladders or staircases.

Rope

it is a safety line used for hoisting tools for various floors of a structure and used for anchoring to stationary objects, ladders charged hose lines, and other accessories (consists of 100-foot lengths of ¾ manila hemp rope with one eye splice in one end.

Hope bridge (HOSE RAMP)

a hose tools used to prevent damage to the hose when vehicles cross a street, or where the traffic cannot be diverted.

Chafing blocks

tools used to prevent damage to the hose where the hose is subjected to rubbing from vibrations.

RUBBER MALLET

a hose tool used to strike the lugs of a coupling to tighten or loosen the coupling without damaging the lugs. It is used to make a coupling completely airtight

Hose roller (hose hoist)

these are hose tools used to prevent damage to hose line when it is being dragged over sharp objects such as roof edges and windowsills

THE HOSE APPLIANCES

This is any piece of hardware device use in conjunction with the fire hose for the purpose of delivering water.

Valves

control the flow of water in a hose lines, hydrants, and at a pumper.

Ball valves

these are used in pumper discharges and gated wyes or dividing breeching. It is open when the handle is in line with the hose and closed when it is at right angle to the hose.

Gate valves

these are used to control the flow from a hydrant. It has a baffle that is moved by a handle and screw arrangements

Butterfly valves

these are used on large pump intakes it uses a flat baffle operated by a quarter turn handle.

Clapper valves

these are used in Siamese or connecting breeching to allow intake or suction hose to be connected and charged before the addition of more hoses.

Valve devices

these increase or decrease the number of hose lines being used during the firefighting operations.

Wye appliances / dividing breeching

These make it desirable to divide one hose stream into two or more hose stream or one hose line into two or more hose lines .

SIAMESE APPLIANCE/ COLLECTING BREECHING

it is also used when supplying ladder pipes that are not equipped with a permanent water supply.

Fittings

These are hardware accessories available used for losing off change water flow direction or to connect hoses of different sizes and thread types.

INTAKE DEVICES

These are appliances attached to the drafting end of a suction hose to keep foreign objects which would pass through the pump.

STRAIGHT LADDER

This is type of ladder that contains only one section. It ranges in length from 12 to 16 feet.

EXTENSION LADDER

This is consists of a bed and one or more fly ladders

TORMENTORS

An extension ladder that has a stay pole is called

Bangor ladders

Extension ladders that are extended to more than 35 feet are called

ATTIC LADDER

It can be folded or collapsed for a small room or closet works. They are usually short because they are required to reach only a short distance.

WALL LADDER

This type of ladder best used in rescue where a ladder in place is already falls short of the endangered person.

Solid beam ground ladder

made of heavy hard wood and/or light weight metal alloys.

Trussed beam ground ladder

a lightweight metal alloy easier to handle and carry.

Aerial Ladder

this type of ladder that is mounted on a turntable, capable of extending up to 30.5 meters

BED LADDER

the lowest section of an extension ladder

FLY LADDER

The top section of an extension ladder

BUTT

the bottom end of a ladder

HEEL

the part of the ladder that touches the ground

Halyard

a rope or cable used to raise the fly ladder

Pawl or dog

the mechanism located at the end of the fly ladder that locks to the bed ladder

Rung

the cross member of a ladder that is used for climbing

Top or tip

it is the top part of the ladder

Hooks

part of a ladder that is used over a roof peak, sills, or walls where the heel does not rest on a foundation (found only on roof-type ladders).

Stops

made of metal or wood blocks used to prevent the fly of an extension ladder from extending out further from the ladder

Guides

light metal strips of an extension ladder that guides the fly ladder while it is being raised or lowered.

Salvage Cover

these are tarpaulins, known as "tarps," they are made of cotton canvas material treated with a waterproofing compound

One-man throw technique

a quick way to spread the small salvage cover in protecting material/items.

Counter payoff

method used for spreading the cover by two men.

Fixed Fired Protection

These systems ensure the maximum life safety or maximum degree of property protection where the size type of construction, occupancy, or other conditions create severe monetary fire -loss potential.

Fire walls

are installed for the purpose of preventing the passage of fire from one building to another area fire wall must be structurally sound and may serve as an important wall if no combustible.

Sparks

live sparks from chimneys, must be given priority consideration. special attention or precaution must be taken in those areas where fire risk

Mechanical Devices

Engine any of the other machine in which friction is created, are possible sources of fire. An overheated bearing of an engine or machine is one good example.

PRE-FIRE PLANS

It is process of and advanced and organized planning of possible firefighting operation in a particular building or groups of building.

Aircraft

Hours of planning may save only a second or two in reaching the scene only a second or two in reaching the scene of the crash.

Equipment

Select a predetermined location for each piece of equipment, including rescue and re-supply vehicles.

Personnel

The use of manpower and equipment go hand in hand, but each must be considered separately to be successful.

Domestic Disasters

These types of disaster include all emergencies which the general public and civil emergency crews can handle. It is not feasible to attempt to formulate a concise pre-disaster plan for each type of domestic disaster because of the many variables involved.

Attack

The aim of the initial is to stop the spread of the fire as quickly as possible.

Surface fires

burn over grass, weeds, grain, brush, and shrubs. This type of fire travels rapidly if the wind is high and when the fuel is abundant

Spot fires

are started in advance of the heads by windblown sparks or bits of burning materials. They are capable of creating a very dangerous situation.

Sectional method

consists of placing a unit on a specific section of the fire line its mission is to stop the execute mop up patrol work the unit has the full responsibility for that section of the fire line This method is best used against a slow-moving fire.

One-Lick Method

it is the fastest and easiest method to use on a running fire a firefighting team is ordered to work in a specific direction.

Direct Method of control

this method is very effective against natural cover fire but can be sectional or the one lick attack may be used

Indirect Method of control

This of control this natural cover fire control method entails the use of firebreak or barriers natural fire barriers consists of lakes rivers creeks deserts or bare rock formation.

Firebreaks

artificial fire breaks are consisting of roads highway survey line or cleared areas specific lines

Backfires

are employed to burn back toward the advancing heads thus creating a fast break and stopping the fire because of a lack of fuel backfires are normally used where suitable network of firebreaks already exists