Human Genome and DNA Structure
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These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to the human genome and DNA structure based on lecture notes.
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12 Terms
Genome
The complete complement of DNA in a cell.
Nucleoid
The region in a prokaryotic cell containing its genetic material.
Chromosome
A complex of DNA and proteins that organizes genetic material in eukaryotic cells.
Diploid
A cell containing two matched sets of chromosomes, denoted as 2n.
Haploid
A cell containing one set of chromosomes, denoted as n.
X-ray crystallography
A method for investigating molecular structure by observing X-ray patterns from crystals.
Chargaff's rules
The rules stating that adenine equals thymine and cytosine equals guanine in DNA.
Nucleotide
The building block of DNA, consisting of a deoxyribose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
Purine
A type of nitrogenous base with a double-ring structure (e.g., adenine and guanine).
Pyrimidine
A type of nitrogenous base with a single-ring structure (e.g., cytosine and thymine).
Sugar-phosphate backbone
The structural framework of DNA formed by alternating sugars and phosphate groups.
Hydrogen bonds
The weak bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together between nitrogenous bases.
Flashcards (39)