Chapter 3 - Earthquakes

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Earthquake - definition

Sudden shaking of the earth caused by movement of earth’s crust

Seismologist - definition

Scientists that study earthquakes

Focus - definition

Place where earthquake begins beneath surface

Seismic waves - definition

Shock waves that spread out in circles from focus

Epicenter - definition

Point of earths surface directly above fous where earthquake is strongest

Fault - definition

Large crack in earths crust

How do earthquakes occur

When two plates collide, separate or slide past each other, their edges lock together. Pressure builds, one edge snaps/jolts forward. Shock waves released, causing earth to tremble

Tsunami - definition

Huge waves moves quickly towards shore triggered by under sea earthquake

How does a tsunami happen

1. Under sea earthquake disturbs seabed. Causes powerful waves to move out all directions

2. Sea waves much higher as approach shallow water near coast (30 meters as the crash onto shore)

3. Devastates low lying coastal areas

Seismograph - definition

Instrument measures and record earthquake and long it lasted

Magnitude - definition

Strength of earthquake

Nepal earthquake - date

25 April 2015

Nepal earthquake - magnitude

7.8 mms

Nepal earthquake - Location

80km from capital, Kathmandu

Nepal earthquake - depth

15km below ground

Nepal earthquake - aftershocks

2 within hour: 6.6 and 6.7 mms

Nepal earthquake - social impacts

1. 9000 dead, 17000 injured

2. Mount Everest avalanche, 19 dead

3. 90% clinic and schools some areas unusable

Nepal earthquake - economic impacts

1. Damages €9 billion

2. 1 million children with no school

3. 3.7 million needing emergency aid (food, tents, water, medical supplies)

Nepal’s development

146th out of 193 on HDI (0.601)