History Final

Monopoly

Having total control over an industry or service (when a buisness controls producrion, wages, and prces)

Robber Barons

Deragatory name used to secribe the criminal-like policies of the 1900s industrialists

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed the corruption within business

Collective Bargaining

Neogtiations between representatives of labor and managment to reach written agreeements on wages, hours, and working conditions

Anaconda plan

Union’s 3 part plan for winning the Civil War

1) Blockade the ocean around the South (no supplies)

2) Blockade the Mississippi river (divide South in 2)

3) Capture confederate capital (Richmon, VA)

Secession

When a state officially leaves the union

Total war

Belief that you needed to fight both soldiers and civilians (those who help the soldiers get supplies and stuff) to win the war

Reconstruction

Time period after the Civil War when the US tried to rebuild itself and readmit the Confederate states (1865-1877)

Scalawags

Southern Republicans

Sharecropping

System in which landowners divided their land gave each worker a few acres to farm on.

At harvest time, sharecroppers would give the landowner a share of their crop.

This was a system that kept poor whites and African Americans in poverty.

KKK

White supremacist terrorist organzation that used violence to prevent African Americans from exercising their political rights

Copperheads

Northern democrats

Carpetbaggers

Northerns who moved to the South after the Civil War

Grange

A farmers’ organization that ran social events, provided farmer education, and worked to combat the high railroad fees

Believed in:

1) government regulation of railroads

2) increase cash circulation

3) single term for pres and vp

4) secret ballots

5) popular election of senators

6) 8 hr work day

7) restrict immigration

8) graduated income tax

9) federal loan program

Trusts

A monopoly made out of a bunch of different companies

Participants turn over stock to trustees, trustees make the company a big corporation, participants get dividends from the trust’s income

Political machines

An organized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and buisnesses in exchange for political and financial support

Vertical integration

Monopoly in which the company controls resources, manufacturing, and distribution (all parts of production)

Horizontal integration

Monopoly in which the company controls all the “competition”

Social darwinism

Philosphy that states the wealthy are more “fit” and poor people are less “fit”

Labor Unions

Organizations made of workers who unite to make decisions about conditions affected work

Nativism

Favoritism towards native-born Americans

Tenement Housing

Multi-family urban dwellings the became the norm for poor, working class families

Graft

The illegal use of poltiical influence for personal gain (taking kickbacks, etc)

Urbanization

The growth of cities

Progressivism

Movement that aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life

1) protect social welfare

2) promote moral improvement

3) create ecbonomic reform

4) foster efficienct

5) end corruption

Populism

Belief that the people should run the government instead of the rich elite

Settlement Houses

Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provded assistance to people in the area, especially immigrants

Square Deal

Term used to describe the various progressive reforms sponsered by the Roosevelt administration

Yellow Journalism

A sensational style of journalism which exaggerates the news to get more readers

Boss Tweed

Head of Tammany Hall (NYC’s Democratic political machine) who defrauded the city through his Tweed Ring and got $10 million

William Sherman

Union general who fought total war (Sherman’s March to the Sea)

Ulysses Grant

Commander of the Union army, became pres in 1869

Battles: fort henry/donelson, shiloh, vicksburg, surrendr at appomattox court house

Democratic

Party that was for slavery

Republican

Party that was against slavery

Abraham Lincoln

16th president during the Civil war, fought to save the Union and later to end slavery

Andrew Carnegie

Tycoon in steel industry (vertical and horizontal integration)

Ellis Island

Immigration island on the East coast (NY)

Mostly europeans came through

Angel Island

Immigration island on the West coast (CA)

Asians and europeans came through

Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive pres who set up the modern presidency

1) trustbusting

2) railroad regulation

3) regulated food/drugs (specifically the meatpacking industry)

4) conservation

Spanish-American War

Fought due to De lome letter and expolosion of USS Maine

US got Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Phillipines, and Guam

13th amendment

Amendment that abolished slavery

14th amendment

Amendment that outlined the requirements for citizenship, provided protection of rights for African Americans

15th amendment

Gave African American men the right to vote

Monroe Doctrine

Stated the US is the protector to the Western Hemisphere and that Europe shouldn’t get involved (make colonies) over here otherwise America will get involved in European affairs

Policy changed in 1898

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln’s speech that honored the sacrifice of the soldiers, declared the US one nation, and stated everybody was equal

Compromise of 1877

Ended reconstruction

Hayes could become president if federal troops were removed from the South, they were given money to build a railroad and improve infrastructure, and a Southerner was in the cabinet

Sherman Antitrust Act

Act that made trusts illegal

Chinese Exclusion Act

Act that made Chinese immigration illegal (only a few expections)

Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907

Between US and Japan

Japan would limit emigration of unskilled workers if the US repealed the San Francisco school segregation order

Roosevelt Corollary

America could get involved in Latin America to protect its economic interests