Anatomy Origins and Insertions

Frontalis origin

epicranial aponeurosis

Frontalis insertion

skin of forehead

Zygomaticus Major Origin

zygomatic bone

Zygomaticus major insertion

corner of mouth

Masseter action

elevates mandible

Massester origin

zygomatic arch

Massester insetion

angle of mandible

Temporalis action

elevates and retracts mandible

Temporalis origin

temporal fossa

Temporalis insertion

coronoid process of mandible

Medial Pterygoid action

elevates mandible and assists grinding movement

Lateral pterygoid action

protrudes mandible and assists in opening mouth

Lateral ptyergoid origin

greater wing of sphenoid

Lateral ptyergoid insertion

mandibular condyl

Genioglossus action

protrudes the tongue

genioglossus origin

mandible

genioglossus insertion

body of tongue

Hypoglossus action

depresses tongue

styloglossus

retracts and elevates tongue

palatoglossus

elevates posterior part of tongue

sternocleidomastoid origin

manubrium and clavicle

sternocleidomastoid insertion

mastoid process

sternocleidomastoid action

rotates head, flexes neck

sternocleidomastoid innervation

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

trapezius origin

occipital bone and spinous processes of vertebrae

trapezius insertion

clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

trapezius action

raises, retracts, and rotates scapula

Trapezius Innervation

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

External intercostal muscles

elevate ribs during inhalation

Internal intercostals

depresses ribs during forced expiration

External oblique origin

lower ribs

External oblique insertion

linea alba

External oblique action

rotates trunk to opposite side, trunk flexion

Internal oblique origin

iliac crest and related fascia

Internal oblique insertion

lower ribs and linea alba

Internal oblique actions

rotates trunk to the same side, trunk flexion

Transverse abdominis origin

Ribs, iliac crest, associated fascia

Transverse abdominis action

Compress abdominal contents, core stability

Transverse abdominis insertion

linea alba

Rectus abdominis origin

pubic region

rectus abdomis insertion

costal cartilages and xiphoid process

Rectus abdominis action

flexes vertebral column

supraspinatus origin

supraspinous fossa

supraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinatus action

abducts arm

supraspinatus innervation

suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus origin

infraspinous fossa of scapula

infraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus action

laterally rotates arm

infraspinatus innervation

suprascapular nerve

teres minor origin

lateral scapular border

teres minor insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor action

laterally rotates arm

teres minor innervation

axillary nerve

subscapularis origin

subscapular fossa of scapula

subscapularis insertion

lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis action

medially rotates arm

subscapularis innervation

subscapular nerve

Deltoid origin

clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid action

abducts arm

Deltoid innervation

axillary nerve

Biceps Brachii origin

two heads from scapula

Biceps Brachii insertion

radial tuberosity

Biceps Brachii action

flexes elbow and supinates forearm

Biceps Brachii innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Tricpes Brachii origin

long head from scapula and other head from humerus

Triceps Brachii insertion

olecranon of ulna

Triceps Brachii action

extends elbow

Triceps BRachii innervation

radial nerve

Gluteus maximus origin

posterior iliun and sacrum

gluteus maximus insertion

iliotibial tract and related region

Gluteus medius origin

lateral surface of ilium

Gluteus medius insertion

greater trochanter of femur

Rectus femoris origin (anterior thigh)

anterior inferior iliac spine

rectus femoris insertion (anterior thigh)

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

rectus femoris action (anterior thigh)

hip flexion, knee extension

Anterior compartment of thigh nerve

femoral nerve

Posterior Compartment of thigh action

flex the knee

posterior compartment of thigh nerve

sciatic nerve

posterior compartment of thigh muscles

hamstrings: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

medial compartment of thigh action

adducts hip

medial compartment of thigh nerve

obturator nerve

anterior leg action

dorsiflexion and toe extension

anterior leg nerve

deep fibular nerve

posterior leg action

plantar flexion and toe flexion

posterior leg key muscles

gastrocnemius and soleus

posterior leg nerve

tibial nerve

Lateral compartment of leg action

eversion of foot

lateral leg compartment of leg key muscles

fibularus (peroneus) longus and brevis

lateral leg compartment nerve

superficial fibular nerve

Anterior forearm action

wrist and finger flexion, pronation

Anterior forearm nerve

median nerve

Posterior forearm action

wrist and finger extension

posterior forearm nerve

radial nerve

Hypothenar group action (flexor digiti minimi and extensor digiti minimi)

little finger movement

hypothenar group nerve

ulnar nerve

Interossei (PAD/ DAB) action

finger adduction and abduction

Interossei (PAD/ DAB) nerve

ulnar nerve

Thenar group (flexor policis brevis) nerve

median nerve