communications tophat questions

A written contract that turns an oral pact into a legal obligation permits a much more complex and contingent agreement

True

The communication model "Who says what to whom in what channel with what effect?" was formulated by ________.

Harold Lasswell

From the perspective of "mass society theory," audiences are seen to be ________.

unsophisticated and subject to manipulation

CRTC stands for ________.

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

The key feature of new media is that they ________.

decentralize opportunities to create and distribute media information

In the mathematical model of communication, any force disrupting the transmission of the intended message is referred to as ________.

noise

In claiming that the text takes a critical perspective on media, the authors mean they are ________.

looking at the ways media are implicated in our knowledge and understanding of the world

Today, a mass audience should be thought of as ________.

many people who consume entertainment and information

According to polls from 2013, Canadians spent approximately ________ per week either watching television or surfing the internet.

36 hours

The Shannon-Weaver model views communication as a cultural form, a social practice intimately woven into a larger set of ideas, values, and understandings about the world.

False

Denotative meaning is the seemingly obvious or readily apparent meaning.

True

Mass audiences (tens of millions) for scheduled television program becoming increasingly common.

False

By its nature, mass communication can only involve one type of media at a time.

False

The "social model of communication" sees communication as ________.

sender and reciever model

As discussed in the text, the public sphere is best thought of as ________.

an abstract place where people are able to consider matters of common concern

Media are sometimes seen as the ________ of global capitalism because of the way they spread, advertise, and promote the benefits of capitalist society.

shock troops

The two-step flow model of communication argues that information is transferred from media to the larger population by ________.

opinion leaders

The first scholar to argue that the dominant means of communication might shape a society or culture was a Canadian named ________.

Harold Innis

From Innis's point of view, satellite footprints might be seen to have ________.

space bias

For McLuhan, electronic society provides the context for ________.

the global village

In advertising, Canadian images and symbols are ________.

used to illustrate they are key elements of culture

If Canadians want to see their own culture and society reflected in the media, one solution is _____.

government regulation and support

________ refers to an abstract place where people are able to discuss and consider matters of common concern and interest

Public sphere

Innis and McLuhan argued that particular forms of media influenced the structure and development of societies.

True

A 2008 poll found that Canadians know more about Canadian history than American history.

False

In the early- to mid-1800s, most newspapers in Canada were under the control of ________.

partisan political interests

Edmund Burke referred to the press as the ________ in a speech to the British House of Commons.

fourth estate

Modern ________ theory derived its fundamental assumption that individual freedom is the first and foremost social goal to be sought.

libertarian

According to Marxist theory, media generally promote ________.

ideology and interests of dominant class

In the 1930s, radio was seen to bind the country together through ________.

common consciousness

The four perspectives on media and society discussed in your textbook are ________.

libertarian, social responsibility, mass society, and Marxist

The following characteristics of the Canadian state have shaped the development of its communication systems: ________.

a. geographical vastness b. small population c. regional diversity

Canada's modern communication system is historically rooted in ________.

transportation

Within Canada, the telecommunications infrastructure has best served ________.

private sector growth

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms reflects the ideal of the freedom of the press.

True

There is no limit on free speech in Canada.

False

Critical political economy focuses most centrally on the production and consumption of social resources, and the impact of this on social action.

True

A similar but more rigorous word for representation is ________.

signification

Semiotics is ________.

the science of signs

Denotative meaning refers to ________.

literal/most obvious interpretation

To say that a text is polysomic means that it has ________ meaning(s).

multiple

Critical political economy is concerned with how media support ________.

dominant social interests

Connotative meaning refers to ________.

the range of subtle or less obvious meanings

Polysemy suggests that communication studies should be primarily concerned with

rhetoric

Creating media messages is a process known as ________.

encoding

Media and communication theory asks whether or not people can undertake the actions they choose, or whether they operate within particular constraints. This consideration involves studying the relationship between ________ and structure.

agency

According to Ira Basen, modern marketing has roots in selling participation in ________.

World War I

Representations are full/exact descriptions of events, circumstances or things they describe/refer to.

False

Dove's beauty campaign is clear attempt part of large corporation to put social concerns > profits.

True

Signs do not exist in isolation but are part of larger texts.

True

George Gerbner asserted that people who watch a lot of television tend to ________.

overestimate the amount of violence in society

The Frankfurt school grew out of ________.

Marxism

The ________ approach to audience analysis tends to rely on quantitative measurement.

industry research

Studying ability of media content to develop particular attitude toward person/perspective is called _.

cultivation analysis

Uses and gratification research sees audience members as ________.

selective consumers

Reception analysis sees audience members as ________.

active interpreters

Targeting audiences with very specific demographics is called ________.

narrowcasting

Over the last twenty years, digitization and convergence have been increasingly used to break down the distance between ________ and ________.

production; consumption

Audience fragmentation has ________.

affected advertising rates

Adorno and Horkheimer are often criticized for ________.

too pessimistic about human agency

The relationships between media, audiences, and culture are predetermined

False

Agenda-setting posits that the media cultivates particular attitudes in audiences and viewers.

True

The Frankfurt School argues that industrial capitalism penetrates deep into cultural life, creating a market-driven ready-made way of life.

True

Raymond Williams argues that technology reflects the overall ________ of society.

organization

According to French philosopher Jacques Ellul, technology ________.

raises more problems than it solves

Canadian philosopher George Grant argued that liberal societies are founded on belief in ________.

the power of technology

A technological determinist believes that ________.

technological development equates to progress

Instrumentalism views technology as ________.

a value-neutral tool

________ is a theoretical perspective which claims that the inexorable logic of technology operates at the expense of humanity.

Substantivism

The term network neutrality refers to the idea that ________.

a) internet is politically neutral b) data travelling internet receives equal treatment c) the internet is a network

The term closure refers to ________.

the fixing of a device or system into a socially-recognized object

The term digital divide refers to the disparities between ________.

the technological haves and have-nots

The largest media company in the world, by valuation, is ________.

Google

Critical theory claims we can decide the extent to which we engage with technology.

True

Netflix is subject to the same regulatory requirements as Canadian television broadcasters.

False

From the determinist perspective, technology has a life of its own.

True

The term ________ refers to acts, statutes, or laws that have been passed by Parliament or a provincial legislature.

legislation

Intellectual property is another term for ________.

copyright

The Aird Commission released its report on radio broadcasting in ________.

1929

________ is the guiding question that all cultural policy documents address.

What's communication for?

The Massey-Lévesque Commission defined broadcasting in Canada as ________.

a cultural treasure

The four public policy reviews discussed in this chapter had the following in common: ________.

they had a pre-set agenda

Quebec's cultural production has been assisted by something English Canada has never been able to establish: ________.

a star system

A key challenge for policy makers in terms of technological development is ________.

balancing collective and individual rights

Dependence on American pop culture fostered belief that such dependence could only lead to ____.

cultural annexation

The CBC has remained immune to the commercial pressures affecting other sectors of Canada's communication network

False

Applebaum-Hebert Commission insisted on independence of cultural producers related to funding.

True

Canada's Telecommunications Act requires the CRTC to consider ________ in its judgements.

market forces first and foremost

In telecommunications, a common carrier is ________.

a transmission service that is obliged to carry any message at equitable cost

One of the most attractive features of digital technology is its capacity for _______.

interactivity

Points system to determine whether musical recordings qualify as Canadian content is called _____.

MAPL

If communications policy is to be relevant & effective, must take into account what's called media _.

ecology

The ________ of Canada's population has made it increasingly challenging to serve Canadians' communicative needs.

diversity

________ is not a key policy issue in telecommunications today

Market growth

The three companies that dominate wireless service provision in Canada are ________.

Bell, Rogers, Telus

________ is the largest sector of the broadcasting industry in Canada.

Distribution

An example of an over-the-top service is ________.

b) Netflix c) amazon prime

Canadian government regulates broadcasting because it serves national, cultural & political goals.

True

Research suggests conclusively that adding a fourth entrant into the wireless market in Canada would result in lower prices.

False

Over 86% of Canadian households have landline wireline telephone service.

True