genderd sexual identity

Sue Lees identifies a double standard regarding sexual morality between girls and boys. Boys can boast about sex and girls are slut shamed. This reinforces the patriarchal gender identity that male power is accepted and devalues women by making them feel bad for having sex. Schools reinforce this by ignoring when boys talk about sex and attaching negative labels to girls who do the same

How does the school reinforce pupils’ gender and sexual identities by double standards?

Connell calls the rich vocabulary of abuse a way that dominant gender and sexual identity is reinforced.

LEES boys calling girls slags and drags

Paechter saw that name-calling was used to police sexual identity because they may now hide their sexuality or change the way they behave in order to avoid name-calling

The name-calling reinforced gender identity because if acting feminine is gay then it suggest that there is only one way for boys to act and girls to act

‘everyones invited a02’

How do schools reinforce gender and sexual identity by verbal abuse?

Mac an Ghaill recognised that the male gaze was how male teachers and pupils looked at girls as sexual objects.

It reinforces gender by suggesting men are powerful and girls are not by giving men that dominating policing power and girls feeling like they have to comply in order to feel appreciated which devalues young girls’ voices

It is also a problem for boys because they feel like they have to participate in order to not be seen as 'gay' which reinforces the dominant heterosexual male.

How does the male gaze reinforce gender and sexual identity?

Episten and Willis's male peer groups use verbal abuse to reinforce their idea of identity by suggesting that boys who want to do well are 'gay'

Male peer groups reproduce class gender identity for example, the wc looked down on the hardworking boys because school was a feminine thing. and then the mc boys had this idea that boys achieve high w/out trying.

Mac an ghaill found that the macho lad idea was more or less gone by sixthform because of the more mc ideology.

How does the male peer group reinforce gender and sexual identitiy?

Archer shows how WC gains symbolic capital by creating a hyper-heterosexual feminine identity.

Ringrose found that being popular was important to these girls, this reinforces gender identity because they will invest in a superficial character to become popular

This created a crisis for the girls as they grew because there was tension between the feminine identity ( showing loyalty to female peer groups) and sexual identities. (inolved in competing in dating culture)

How do female peer groups reinforce gender and sexual identity?

relationships with boys can confer symbolic capital, but this is a high-risk game. This is because girls are forced to perform a balancing act between 2 identities

* dying for a bf makes you a slut
* not having one makes you frigid

Currie et al

boys according to Ward were forming “geek” identities that were more gender neutral in the sense that they did schoolwork, but they also spent time on leisure activities that were not particularly gendered

Ward?

Reay girls have to create an asexual identity if they want to have a level of educational success

thsi results in boys and girls calling them ‘boffin’

a boffin identity?

Francis mc boffin girls bully other groups like ‘chavs’ so they still want that staus in school

evaluation ?

Haywood and Mac ghahill found that teachers ignore boys verbal abuse towards girls or even blame the girls themselves.

askew and ross saw that teacher behavior creates problems by acting as saviors to female teachers when they saw them in trouble w their class which reinforces the gender idea that women can’t handle themselves.

How does teacher discipline reinforce gender and sexual identity?

Their research found that teachers saw three types of students;

the ideal pupil who was a girl, heterosexual and often middle class (mc),

then the pathologized student who was seen as asexual, unthreatening and a Chinese or Indian

lastly the demonised pupil who was overly heterosexual and either white or black working class (wc).

archer- the three types of student