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one-way experiments
single IV (2+ levels) 1 DV
Factorial Design
2+ IVs (factors) each w 2+ levels and 1 DV
interactions
when the effect of 1 IV depends on (varies as a function of) another IV
how many cells in a 2×2 factorial
4 cells
how many cells in a 2×4 factorial
8 cells
cell
1 condition of 1 variable in a factorial design
marginal mean
average score for 1 factor averaged across all levels of the other factor(s)
main effect
effect of 1 factor alone. found by looking at marginal means
interaction effect
difference in differences. shows as non-parallel lines on line graph
crossover interaction
direction of effect on one IV reverses as a function of level of other IV. lines intersect in an x
spreading/synergistic interaction
simple effects test
when you get a statistically significant interaction
between subjects/independent groups factorial design
individual experimental groups for each cell
within-groups factorial design
1 group experiences all cell conditions
mixed factorial design
one factor is manipulated as between-subjects and the other is within-groups
quasi-experiments
use subject predictor variables (can’t be manipulated but are systematically related to DV of interest) and sometimes factorial designs.