The Use and Misuse of Data

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture about the use and misuse of statistics in decision making.

Statistics is the science of __________, describing, and analyzing data.

collecting

Theoretical probability starts with a __________ model.

known

A population is a well-defined collection of __________ constituting a subject of interest.

objects

A sample is a __________ of the population selected in some prescribed manner.

subset

Descriptive statistics involves charts, graphs, and __________ summaries.

numerical

The median is more resistant to __________ than the mean.

outliers

The __________ measures how much the data varies around the centre.

spread

A confidence interval provides a __________ of plausible values for an unknown population parameter.

range

The aim of hypothesis testing is to determine whether the observed data is __________ under the null hypothesis.

unlikely

In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis (H0) claims that there is __________ or no difference.

no effect

The p-value represents the probability of obtaining a sample statistic as or more __________ than the observed sample if the null hypothesis is true.

extreme

Statistical results can be misleading due to __________ or inconsistent axes in graphs.

truncated

Sampling bias occurs when the method of selecting a sample causes it to differ from the population in a __________ way.

relevant

To estimate the proportion of fivers among USYD students, we need to compute a __________ from our sample.

sample proportion

A common measure of spread is the __________, which is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of a dataset.

range