afro history week 3 terms - laws, acts, etc.

Antiquities Act (1906)

primary focus is protection of sites from looting, establishes permit process for excavation on federal/tribal land, establishes fines and punishment for unauthorized excavation/looting. this law implies decisions for care/treatment of recovered collections should be made before permit is granted.

Historic Sites Act (1935)

declares it fed policy to preserve historic/prehistoric areas, empowers secretary to “secure, collate, & preserve drawings, plans, photos, etc. However, where they are to be curated isn’t adequately addressed in this law.

Benefits of Historic Sites Act (1935)

act formalizes national park service programs involved in salvage archaeology programs designed to put many ppl to work during the Great Depression

National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) (1966)

Responsible for expanding National Register of Historic Places & establishing the State Historic Preservation Offices.

section 106 of the NHPA

requires federal agency to take into account effects of a federal/fed-assisted undertaking in any state/district/etc . included in or eligible for National Register

Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) (1979)

strengthened permitting procedures required for conducting archaeological fieldwork for unauthorized excavation on federal land

why is ARPA important from the standpoint of managing archaeological collections?

it calls for preservation of objects associated records in a "suitable institution,” prohibits public disclosure of info concerning nature & location of resources that require a permit/other permission

authorized/written agreement between federal agency & an appropriate repository that will house/curate collection recovered from project

permit application must include:

Native American Graves Protection & Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) (1990)

covers objects of federal/federal-funded repositories, affects public museum/repository that received fed-funding before/since 1990, reinforces many aspects of ARPA

items covered under NAGPRA

native american human remains, associated funerary objects, associated/unassociated funerary objects, sacred objects, objects of cultural patrimony

what does NAGPRA require?

consultation & proof w/ Indian tribes if any remains/objects possibly subject to NAGRPA are likely to be excavated during fieldwork or discovered inadvertently