Alterations in Elimination Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about alterations in elimination, bladder and bowel conditions, urolithiasis, urinary incontinence, polycystic kidney disease, diverticulitis, and fecal incontinence.

Urolithiasis

The presence of stones (calculi) in the urinary tract.

Kidney Stones

Crystals of uric acid, calcium, oxalate, or struvite in the urinary tract.

Calcium Oxalate

The most common type of kidney stone.

Lithotripsy

Procedure that breaks up kidney stones into smaller pieces via ultrasound shock waves.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Small surgical incision made to access the kidney to remove a large stone(s).

Alpha-blockers

Medications that help stones pass naturally by relaxing the ureters.

Nursing interventions for kidney stones

Encouraging 3,000 mL/day unless contraindicated is an important one of these actions.

Ambulation

Encouraging this, unless contraindicated, is an important Nursing intervention when dealing with kidney stones

Urinary Incontinence

Involuntary leakage of urine.

Stress Incontinence

Incontinence due to increased abdominal pressure under stress.

Urge Incontinence

Incontinence due to involuntary contraction of the bladder muscles.

Overflow Incontinence

Incontinence due to blockage of the urethra.

Neurogenic Incontinence

Incontinence due to disturbed function of the nervous system.

Leakage

Activities like coughing, sneezing, or exercising (Stress Incontinence) can cause this in patients.

Sudden urges

An intense need to urinate that can lead to leakage (Urgency Incontinence) is this.

Overflow

Frequent dribbling due to incomplete bladder emptying (Overflow Incontinence).

Medications

Used to treat urinary incontinence as well as β-agonist, anticholinergics, 𝛂 blockers, estrogen therapy, Botox injections (“Bladder Botox), antidepressants.

Nursing Interventions

Restoring Bladder control, Symptom management and Preventing complications are all related to this.

Polycystic Kidney Disease

A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of multiple cysts in the kidneys.

Polycystic Kidneys

Cysts that grow large and impair kidney function.

Hypertension

One of the many common comorbidities of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Comorbidities

Hypertension, Urinary Tract Problems and Vascular Problems are all examples of this in relation to polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)

Inherited with only one gene mutation that can cause this disease- PKD 1 or 2 (one parent).

ARPKD (Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Dz.)

Inherited gene mutation -PKHD1 (both parents).

Medications used to treat polycystic kidney disease

Vasopressin receptor antagonist. They slow progression of disease by targeting cyst growth (Tolvaptan).

Antihypertensives

ACE inhibitors and ARB’s are what kind of medications?

Diverticulosis

Pouches that develop in the lining of the colon wall.

Diverticulitis

A condition where small pouches in the lining become inflamed and sometimes infected.

Diverticulitis (definition)

Small pouches in the colon that become inflamed or infected.

Symptoms

Pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, bowel changes, bleeding, abscesses are all examples of these in relation to diverticulitis

Diverticulitis Treatment

Rest, liquid diet, antibiotics for mild cases; surgery for severe cases.

Diverticulitis

Antibiotics or surgery are ways of helping patients with this illness.

Fecal Incontinence

Involuntary or inappropriate passage of stool.

Functional Fecal Incontinence

Involuntary or inappropriate passage of stool in children or adults.

Fecal impaction

Hard mass of compacted stool that is not voluntarily evacuated.

Medications used to treat FFI

Antidiarrheals (loperamide) and laxatives (psyllium).

Kegel's

A procedure that focuses on strengthening exercises of the pelvic floor.

FFI

Used in treatment as both an enema or surgery.

Kegel's

This can be done for people with FFI to strengthen their pelvic floor.

Nephrolithiasis

Another name for kidney stones referring to their origin in the kidney.

Severe Abdominal Pain

A common symptom of kidney stones that patients commonly experience.

Alpha-blocker Therapy

A treatment where medications that relax the ureters are administered.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

A treatment involving shock waves to break up kidney stones.

Kidney Stone Management

Increasing oral intake is important in this.

Calcium Phosphate Dietary Intervention

A type of diet that limits intake of food high in animal protein.

Medication

Thiazide diuretics are common types of this intervention.

Urgency

A sudden, strong need to urinate that's hard to delay.

Restoring Bladder Control

Techniques such as bladder training and Kegel exercises help with this.

Hematuria

A symptom of polycystic kidney disease involving blood in the urine.

Polycystic Kidney Disease

An inherited disorder that causes cysts to grow in the kidneys.

Autosomal Recessive PKD

Occurs when a mutated gene is inherited from both parents.

Kidney Pain

A common symptom due to bleeding or infected cysts in PKD.

Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist

A medication that slows disease progression by targeting cyst growth.

Controlled Blood Pressure

Maintaining this is crucial in managing polycystic kidney disease.

Diverticula

These may form in the colon due to low fiber intake (singular: diverticulum).

High-Fiber Diet

This diet helps prevent diverticulitis recurrence

Diverticulitis Symptoms

Abdominal pain, fever, and bowel changes

Increased Fluid Intake

A recommendation for hydration in diverticulitis management.

Diverticulitis

Preventing recurring episodes is important when dealing with.

Sphincteroplasty

A procedure used treat FFI

Psyllium

Bulking agent that may be used in combination with antidiarrheals

Bowel Training

A type of training that may help the patient regain control of their bowels when dealing with FFI.

Nursing Interventions

These may prevent complications from occurring such as Skin breakdown, infection and mental health decline.

Urethra

Located between the bladder and the exterior of the body.

Bladder

Organ located in the abdomen that stores urine.

Urinary Stones

The use of diet and medications.

Kidney

Located in the abdomen and filters water and waste out of the blood.

Ureter

Located between the kidney and bladder.

Nausea

A common symptom that accompanies kidney stones.

Alpha Blocker

This treatment helps the patient pass the stone in a natural way.

Stress Incontinence

Involuntary leakage during exercise.

Beta-agonist

This process can help strengthen the bladder.

Polycystic Kidney Disease

This condition causes the growth of multiple cysts in the kidneys.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)

Genetic mutation inherited from one parent.

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD)

Genetic Mutation inherited from both parents.

Hypertension

High blood pressure.

Diverticulitis

Small pouches in the lining of the colon.

Abscesses

Causes severe pain.

Bowel Changes

Changes in the bowels

Fecal Incontinence

Involuntary bowl movements.

Constipation

Overflow.

Fecal Incontinence

Hard stool.

Medications

Laxatives.

Changes in routine

Painful.

More pain

Withholding.

Hard Stool

Can lead to soil.

Enemas

Helps with the bowel.

Urolithiasis

Kidney Stones

Hypertension

High Blood Potentional

Infection

Urinary Tract Problems

Hematuria

Blood In Urine

Dominant PKD

Pain in Back or Side

Recessive PKD

Enlarged Kidneys

Reduced Kidney Function

Kidney Pain

Bowel Rest

Liquid Diet

Foods to avoid.

Avoid Spicy Foods

Rectum

Stool

Cognitive Delays

ADHD

Incontinence

Bulking Agents

Strengthening Exercises

Pelvic Floor Exercises