Honors Chemistry Unit 6 Test

Binary Compound

formula that contains 2 different elements only

• the number of atoms in the formula has nothing to do with being binary

Ternary Compound

formula that contains 3 or more different elements

• the number of atoms in the formula has nothing to do with being ternary

Cations are positive ions formed by metals when they…

lose electrons to become stable

Transition metals can lose electrons from

2 different energy levels

When naming monatomic cations, a metal with one possible charges will be named…

with it’s normal element’s name

When naming monatomic cations, a metal with multiple possible charges will be named…

with a Roman numeral corresponding with the correct charge number

Roman Numeral 1

I

Roman Numeral 2

II

Roman Numeral 3

III

Roman Numeral 4

IV

Roman Numeral 5

V

Roman Numeral 6

VI

Roman Numeral 7

VII

Monatomic anions

negative ions formed when one nonmetal atom gains electrons to become stable

Nonmetals normally have multiple oxidation numbers, but only one stable ionic charge, which will be…

the charge used when paired with a metal

Monatomic anions will have their names changed to end in…

-ide

Polyatomic ion

a group of atoms that have a charge found in Reference Table E

Polyatomic ions will generally end in…

-ite or -ate

How do you write an ionic formula?

Equalize the charges of each oppositely charged ion

In an ionic formula, what is called when you reduce the subscript to simplify them?

Empirical form

Molecular compounds are held together by…

covalent bonds

How do you name binary molecular compounds?

• add the appropriate prefix based on the subscript of each nonmetal

• if the first element has a subscript of 1, don’t include the prefix

• the second nonmetal ends in an -ide

Prefix 1

mono-

Prefix 2

di-

Prefix 3

tri-

Prefix 4

tetra-

Prefix 5

penta-

Prefix 6

hex-

Prefix 7

hept-

Prefix 8

oct-

Prefix 9

non-

Prefix 10

dec-

How do you name a hydrate?

• follow normal naming rules and add a hydrate to the end

• the hydrate will have a prefix depending on how many water molecules are attached

Chemical Reactions

• statement that uses chemical formulas to show identities and relative amounts of substances involved in a chemical change(change reactants to make products)

Reactants →

Products

Exothermic Chemical Reaction

• releases energy

• has energy/heat as a product

Endothermic Chemical Reaction

• absorbs energy

• has energy/heat as a reactant

Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy

matter and energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

Subscripts

• the small numbers that appear after some symbols in a formula

• apply only to the symbol they are after

• can be distributed through multiplication if placed outside a parentheses

Coefficients

• the large numbers that appear in front of a formula used to represent more than one of the same molecule

• apply to all symbols that appear after it in the formula

A Hydrocarbon reaction means to balance the equation..

put a 2(equation)

Steps to Balance Chemical Reactions

1. count the number of each molecule/element you have

2. do what you can to make each molecule/element the same on each side through changing coefficients

3. if an element is going to be odd, change it to be equal and then proceed

Balance this equation:

_C6H14+_O2→_CO2+_H2O

2C6H14+19O2→12CO2+14H2O

Balance this equation:

_C5H8(OH)2+_O2→_CO2+_H2O

2C5H8(OH)2+13O2→10CO2+10H2O

Synthesis Reaction

• 2 or more substances combine to form a single product

• A+B→AB

• How to recognize? 1 product

Decomposition Reaction

• single compound breaks down to form two or more products(elements or compounds)

• BC→B+C

• How to recognize? 1 reactant

Single Replacement Reaction

• the atoms of one element will replace the atoms of another element in a compound

• A+BC→AC+B

• How to recognize? An element and compound react

Double Replacement Reaction

• involves the exchange of ions between two compounds

• AB+CD→CB+AD

• How to recognize? Two compounds make two compounds

Combustion Reactions

• oxygen reacts with a substance to release energy in the form of heat and light

• How to recognize? Reactant has Hydrocarbon

Complete Combustion

reaction of a hydrocarbon and oxygen that yield carbon dioxide

Incomplete Combustion

reaction of a hydrocarbon and oxygen that yields carbon monoxide

How to Write Binary Ionic Formulas Summary:

1. name of the cation/metal first

2. check oxidation state — if more than one charge, you need Roman numerals

3. take root of anion/nonmetal and add -ide

How to Write Ternary Ionic/Polyatomic Ions Formulas Summary:

1. put the cation first(watch for NH4+)

2. Roman numerals if needed

3. name of anion goes last → check Table E

Why is the name potassium (I) nitrate incorrect for the formula, KNO3?

Potassium doesn’t have multiple charges, so you don’t need a roman numeral.

Write the formula for the compound copper (II) oxide:

CuO

Write the formula for the compound lead (II) nitrite:

Pb(NO2)2

Write the name for Pb(NO3)2:

lead (II) nitrate

Name the formula H2S:

dihydrogen monosulfide

Balance the chemical equation:

_C8H18+_O2→_CO2+_H2O

2, 25, 16, 18

Balance the chemical equation:

_Na+_H2O→_NaOH+_H2

2, 2, 2, 1

Balance the chemical equation:

_Ag2O→_Ag+_O2

2, 4, 1

Balance the chemical equation:

_H2O+_O2→_H2O2

2, 1, 2

In which compound is the ratio of metal ions to nonmetal ions 1 to 2?

1. calcium bromide

2. calcium phosphide

3. calcium oxide

4. calcium sulfide

1. calcium bromide

Given the incomplete equation:

2N2O5(g) →

Which set of products completes and balances the incomplete equation?

A. 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

B. 4NO(g) + SO2(g)

C. 2N2(g) + 2O2(g)

D. 2N2(g) + 3H2(g)

A. 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

Balance:

___Al(OH)3+ ____HBr → ___AlBr + _H2O

1313

__ C2H6 + __O2 → __CO2 + ___ H2O

2743

Balance:

CH4+O2→CO2+H2O

1212