Studied by 18 people
Thinking geographically
map
a representation with an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities and roads.
cartography
the science of mapmaking
map scale
the relationship between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground
parallel
a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
meridian
a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on earth's surface and terrestrial poles.
prime meridian
designed as 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
region
geographically, an extensive area of the world defined by its physical and human similarities.
distortion
an error in presentation that gives a false representation.
EX: DISTORTION THAT OCCURS FROM TAKING A CIRCULAR GLOBE AND PUTTING IT ON A FLAT MAP
remote sensing
studying an object or location without making physical contact
EX: CAMERAS ON SATELLITES
GIS
geographic information system, computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface.
GPS
global positioning system, satellite navigation based on a global network that transmits radio signals from earth.
mercator projection ~ an attempt to create a two-dimensional map that maintained accurate and reliable compass points, but sizes are very distorted and inaccurate
robinson projection ~ compromise in that it attempts to minimize errors in distance, relative size, and compass direction but does not accurately depict any one of these factors
gall-peters projection ~ reflects the land size of all continents equally, but in doing so it distorts distance and direction.
goode-homolosine projection ~ main disadvantage: most of the angles and directions are distorted, advantage: shape and size of continents being accurate and in proportion.
polar projection ~ polar projection is primarily used to show the north or south polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica. A polar projection is a type of azimuthal projection.
isoline map (aka isopleth) ~ maps that show lines that join points of equal value. (For example, a topographic map is an isoline map on which lines join points of equal elevation.)
dot distribution map ~ a type of map that uses the density of dot symbols that are the same size to show the presence of a feature
choropleth map ~ uses different shades to show the variation of the values.
graduated symbol map ~ used to show quantitative difference between mapped features by varying the size of symbols
cartogram ~ a map in which the geometry of regions is distorted in order to convey the info of an alternate variable
location
the position of something on the earth’s surface
toponym
another word for name, but is specific to locations
EX: USA
site
exact location, the site is the land that the city was built upon.
situation
the situation of a city relates to its surrounding features, both human-made and natural. the situation of the city includes characteristics that are external to the settlement.
cultural landscape
cultural attributes of an area often used to describe a place
formal region
an area defined by one predominant or universal characteristic throughout its entire area. formal Regions have well-defined boundaries
functional region
an area centered on a node, focal point, or central hub surrounded by interconnecting linkages
EX: CITY AND ITS SURROUNDING SUBURBS
perceptual region
or vernacular region is defined by feelings and prejudices that may or may not be true
EX: THE MIDWEST
culture
total way of life held in common by a group of people, including learned features such as language, ideology, behavior, technology, and government
globalization
the increasing connection of economic, cultural, and political characteristics across the world.
EX: RAW PRODUCT HARVESTED IN AFRICA, THEN IS USED TO MANUFACTURE GOODS IN CHINA, AND SHIPPED AROUND THE WORLD FOR SALE.
space
a general, objective location or area
transnational corporations
company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
distribution
arrangement of features in a space
density
the no. of people who live in a defined land area
concentration
the spread of a feature(dispersed/scattered or clustered/agglomerated)
pattern
arrangement of objects on earth's surface in relationship to one another
EX: LINEAR PATTERN OF HOUSES IN A LINE
distance decay
theory that states that as the distance between two places increases, the interaction between those two places decreases.
space-time compression
the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system
EX: INTERNET
LDC
less-developed countries, countries that have low economic growth and little to no industrialization.
EX: COUNTRIES IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA, AFGHANISTAN
MDC
more developed countries, countries that have advanced socially and economically.
EX: USA, CANADA, JAPAN
NIC
newly industrialized country, country whose level of economic development ranks it somewhere between developing and highly developed classifications
EX: CHINA, INDIA, MALAYSIA
environmental determinism
philosophy of geography that stated that human behaviors are a direct result of the surrounding environment
possibilism
theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment.
Note
Flashcard