Presocratic Philosophers

Thales (3)

everything is water, predicted natural occurrences (olives), first philosopher and scientist

Anaximander (1)

everything comes into existence from infinite and eternal motion

Pythagoras (3)

math is language of nature, compared body to instrument, soul is immortal and reincarnates

Heraclitus (4)

change is the only constant, fire is fundamental element, consistent shifting between opposites, we can tap in to understanding

Parmenides (3)

what exists has always existed, senses are illusions, father of metaphysics

Zeno (2)

Achilles and the Tortoise, abandon empiricism

Anaxagoras (3)

Nous created order, predominance is what substance is prominent, all reality has minds like humans

Democritus (3)

idea of atoms, universe is mechanical and law governed, reality is purely material

Anaximenes (4)

air is fundamental substance of reality, air is divine, looked for mechanical causes, our souls are air and hold us together