Milady Nails CHP. 4

Nail Structure, Disorders, and Diseases

natural nail

hard protective plate located at the end of the finger or toe

4-6 months

Replacement of the natural nail takes about ______

Summer

Nails grow faster in the _____ than they do in the winter

Integumentary system

Nails are a part of the

Oil based

Using an ______ nail conditioner can improve flexibility

Visible, functional

The nail plate is the most _____ and _____ part of the nail unit

free edge

the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe

nail bed

the portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows towards the free edge

Onyx

The natural nail is technically referred to as

bed epithelium

thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail bed to the nail plate

matrix

the area where the nail plate is formed

Lower

the _____ the water content, the more rigid the nail becomes

Matrix

a normal nail grows forward from the _____ and extends over the tip of the finger

nerves, lymph, and blood vessels

The matrix contains

Slowly

toenails grow more _____ than fingernails

lunula

the whitish, half-moon shape and the base of the nail

cuticle

dead colorless tissue attached to the nail plate

eponychium

the living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area

Nothing

___________ can make the nail grow thicker

Ligaments

Specialized ______ attach the nail bed and matrix bed to the underlying bone

ligament

a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or hold an organ in place

nail folds

folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate

Nail grooves

nails folds form the _____

hyponychium

the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate

Lateral nail fold

the sidewall is also called the __________

nutrition,exercise, and a person's general health

The growth of the nail plate is affected by

Shape

normal, healthy nails can grow in a variety of shapes, depending on the _____ of the matrix

Length, width, curvature

the ____, _____, and _____ of the matrix determine the thickness, width and curvature of the natural nail plate

Thicker

A longer matrix produces a _______ nail plate

Highly curved

A highly curved matrix produces a ______ free edge

9 months to 1 year

toenails take ___________ to be fully replaced

Firm and flexible

a normal, healthy nail is __________ and should be shiny and slightly pink in color

nail disorder

a condition caused by injury or disease

Infected, inflamed, broken, swollen

a client whose nail or skin is ______, _______, _____ or _____ should not receive services

bruised nails

a condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate

eggshell nails

noticeably thin, white nail plates that are much more flexible than normal

melanonychia

a darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band under or within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge

onychorrhexis

split or brittle nails that also have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate

Weaker

eggshell nails are normally _______ and can curve over the free edge

Beau's lines

visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate

Major illness

Beau's lines usually result from _______ or injury that has traumatized the body

hangnail

a condition in a which the living skin around the nail plate splits and tears

leukonychia

a whitish discoloration of the nails usually caused by injury to the nail matrix

Fungi

parasites which may cause infections of the hands and feet

African Americans

melanonychia is considered normal in

Caucasians

melanonychia could be indicative of a disease condition in

onychophagy

Bitten nails

paronychia

a bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail

plicatured nail

folded nail; highly curved caused by injury to the matrix

nail pterygium

an abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate

splinter hemorrhages

damage to the capillaries under the nail; gives the appearance of a lengthwise small splinter underneath nail plate. (No MR)

nail fungi

contagious and can be transmitted through contaminated implements

Yellow green spot

a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified in the early stages as a ________ that becomes darker in its advanced stages

onychomycosis

a fungal infection of the nail plate

Should not be diagnosed or treated in the salon

Any nail disease that shows signs of infection of inflammation ________

tinea pedis

Also know as “athlete foots’ a fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet, causing itching, redness, and peeling.

Occupation

A person's ___________ can cause a variety of nail infections

onychosis

any deformity or disease of the nail

onychia

an inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the nail plate

onychocryptosis

Ingrown nail; a condition where the nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail

onycholysis

separation of the nail plate and bed often due to injury or allergic reactions

onychomadesis

the separation and falling off of a nail from the bed in fingers or toes caused by if infection, illness, chemotherapy

nail psoriasis

A noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate

pyrogenic granuloma

a severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate (MR)

nail pterygium is caused by

serious injury, such as burns or an adverse reaction to chemical nail enhancements products

Discolored nail

Nails turn a variety of colors; may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation

Infected finger

Visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus

Nail groove

Slit or furrow on the sides of the nail

Lateral nail fold

Folds of normal skin that line the sides of the nail plate.

Nail plate

A hard keratin plate on top and slowly sliding across the nail bed as it grows; most visible and functional part of the nail unit

Natural nail unit

All the anatomical parts of the fingernail necessary to produce the natural nail plate

Pincer nail

Increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MR)

Rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection. In early stages seen as yellow - green then become brown to black .

Ridged nail

Vertical lines running the length of the natural nail plate, usually related to normal aging

Sidewall

Also known as lateral nail fold; the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.

Trumpet nail

Disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge