NREMT

You arrive to find a 48 year old male complaining that his chest feels heavy. The patient is awake and talking to you. During your assessment, you note that his skin is pale, cool, and clammy. Your first step is to:
A. apply your AED
B. administer supplemental oxygen
C. obtain a past medical history
D. assist the patient in taking his neighbor's nitroglycerin

B
(Your first step is to administer supplemental oxygen. When treating chest pain, it is important to get oxygen to the patient as soon as possible to help alleviate damage to the heart muscle.)

Which of the following is the correct flow of blood through the heart and lungs?
A. inferior/superior vena cavae, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, left venntricle, aorta
B. inferior/superior vena cavae, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, aorta
C. inferior/superior vena cavae, lings, aorta, left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle
D. inferior/superior vena cavae, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left ventricle, aorta

D

The mitral or bicuspid valve,
A. prevents blood from back flowing into the left atrium
B. prevents blood from back flowing into the right atrium
C. prevents the blood from back flowing into the lungs
D. is located between the left atrium and the right ventricle

A
(The mitral or bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and the left atrium and the left ventricle. It prevents the blood from back flowing into the left atrium.)

Which of the following is NOT true of the treatment of an impaled object?
A. remove if blocking the airway
B. stabilize in place
C. remove to accommodate transport of the patient
D. control the bleeding

C
(The treatment of a patient with an impaled object includes: securing the object in place, exposing the wound area, controlling bleeding, and using a bulky dressing to help stabilize the object. The only time it is permissible to remove an impaled object is if it is impeding the breathing of a patient.)

The electrical impulse generated in the right atrium is called the:
A. atrioventricular node
B. purkinje fibers
C. sinoatriual node
D. bundle of his

C

You are treating a patient that has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. You can lift a flap of skin on the patient's head. This type of injury would e referred to as a(n):
A. avulsion
B. laceration
C. evisceration
D. puncture

A
(A puncture is created by an object that is typically sharp and pointed. A laceration is defined as a jagged cut. An evisceration is typically referred to as organs protruding.)

Ligaments connect:
A. muscle to bone
B. bones to tendon
C. bone to bone
D. muscle to tendons

C

Which of the following heat emergencies is considered a true emergency?
A. heat cramps
B. heat exhaustion
C. heat infarction
D. heat stroke

D
(Heat strokes are considered a true life threatening emergency. A heat stroke typically occurs after a patient as experienced heat cramps and heat exhaustion.)

You are treating a patient who has overdosed on a narcotic. The greatest risk for this patient is:
A. respiratory depression
B. seizures
C. hypertension
D. hyperactivity

A

Which of the following is NOT an imminent sign that birthing is going to occur?
A. crowning has occurred
B. contractions are 5 minutes apart
C. the patient feels the infant's head moving down her birth canal
D. the patient's abdomen is very hard

B

Which of the following patient characteristics does NOT represent a potential for violence?
A. quick irregular movements
B. threatening posture
C. large, muscular individual
D. loud, thunderous voice

C

There are hollow and solid organs in the abdomen. The gallbladder is considered a hollow organ. A ruptured hollow organ such as the gallbladder is most commonly associated with:
A. severe bleeding
B. inflammation and infection
C. gall stones
D. appendicitis

B

A 29 year old male has taken LSD. The patient appears very anxious and in a panic state. He is showing signs of paranoia. You should:
A. agree withe everything the patient says
B. restrain the patient
C. be aggressive and talk very straight and stern to the patient
D. talk the patient down by reassuring the patient

D

The most serious side effect of alcohol consumption is:
A. liver damage
B. hepatitis
C. death
D. loss of consciousness

C

You arrive on the scene of an incident where a 16 year old male fell approximately 12 feet. That would be considered:
A. a trauma alert
B. a significant mechanism of injury
C. not a significant mechanism of injury
D. a case with a load 'n' go patient

C
(A patient over the age of 8 is considered an adult for most medical care purposes. A fall of greater than 20 feet is considered a significant injury in adults. If this had been an infant or child, it would have been a significant mechanism of injury since any fall greater than 10 feet would be considered a significant mechanism of injury.)

When assessing a 35 year old patient complaining she is short of breath, you note that her breathing is in excess of 28 times per minute. This is considered:
A. neuropnea
B. apnea
C. bradypnea
D. tachypnea

D
(Respiratory rates greater than 20 breaths per minute are considered tachypnea. Less than 12 breaths per minute is bradypnea and absent breathing is apnea.)

You arrive on the scene of a patient who fell from a ladder. You should open the patient's airway by using:
A. head-tilt/chin-lift
B. jaw thrust maneuver
C. neck-lift/head-tilt
D. head-tilt/jaw-thrust

B

You arrive on the scene, finding an unconscious patient. There are no other individuals in the vicinity to give any other information or permission to treat the patient. Even though the patient cannot give you consent to treat him, you begin to do so because of"
A. expressed consent
B. implied consent
C. advanced directives
D. emergency consent

B

The AED is used to treat patients in:
A. asystole
B. ventricular tachycardia with a pulse
C. ventricular fibrillation
D. pulseless electrical activity

C

You arrive on the scene to discover a 65-year-old female lying on the floor of her living room. Your first step in the care of this patient is to"
A. begin chest compressions
B. apply the AED
C. maintain an open airway
D. assess level of consciousness

D

You arrive on the scene to find an unconscious patient about 14 years of age. Where would you assess for a pulse on this patient?
A. carotid artery
B. brachial artery
C. femoral artery
D. radial artery

A

The appropriate care for a patient with epistaxis is to:
A. have the patient lay down and remain calm
B. pinch the nostrils and have the patient lean forward
C. pinch the nostrils and have the patient lean back
D. have the patient lay in a supine position with his head lower than the body

B
(Epistaxis is a nose bleed. In these cases you should have the patient pinch their nose and lean forward.)

During your assessment of a patient's chest you note that the left side of the chest moves opposite to the right. This is called:
A. crepitus
B. paradigmal motion
C. subcutaneous emphysema
D. paradoxical movement

D

A minute after a baby is born, the heart rate is less than 60 beat per minute. You should:
A. blow by oxygen
B. attempt to stimulate the newborn
C. aggressively warm the newborn
D. begin chest compressions

D

You arrive on the scene to find an unresponsive female patient who is in her car in the garage. The car is still running and the door is closed. Looking through an outside window, your next action would be to:
A. attempt and immediate rescue
B. open the large garage door and any other outside openings
C. wait for the car to run out of gas
D. shut the car off immediately and remove the patie

B

When you listen to the lungs of an asthma patient you would expect to hear:
A. wheezes
B. rales
C. stridor
D. rhonchi

A

Tidal volume is best defined as the:
A. volume of air inhaled on a single breath
B. volume of air that remains in the upper airway
C. total volume of air that the lungs are capable of holding
D. volume of air moved in and out of the lungs each minute

A
(average is 500 ml)

During transport of a patient with a head injury, what assessment factor will provide you with the most information regarding the patient's condition?
A. pupil size
B. heart rate
C. mental status
D. blood pressure

C

Which of the following would findings would be most significant during an assessment of a patient with a severe headache?
A. pain in both legs
B. chest discomfort
C. unilateral weakness
D. abdominal tenderness

C

Seizures in children most often are the result of:
A. a life threatening infection
B. a temperature greater than 102 F
C. an abrupt rise in body temperature
D. an inflammatory process in the brain

C

A 34-year-old woman, who is 36 weeks pregnant, is having a seizure. After you protect her airway and ensure adequate ventilation, you should transport her:
A. on her left side
B. in the prone position
C. in the supine position
D. in a semisitting position

A

Snoring respirations are most rapidly managed by
A. suctioning the oropharynx
B. initiating assisted ventilations
C. correctly positioning the head
D. inserting an oropharyngeal airway

C

The scene size-up includes all of the following components, except:
A. determining scene safety
B. applying personal protective gear
C. assessing the need for assistance
D. evaluating the mechanism of injury

B

Which of the following actions should be carried out during the initial assessment?
A. assessing the skin
B. palpating the cranium
C. auscultating the lungs
D. obtaining a blood pressure

A

Firefighters have rescued a man from his burning house. He is conscious and in considerably respiratory distress. He has a brassy cough and singed nasal hairs. The most immediate threat to this patient's life is:
A. hypothermia
B. severe burns
C. severe infection
D. closure of the airway

D
(Because of the signs and symptoms that this patient is exhibiting, you must be immediately concerned with the potential for closure of the airway and be prepared to assist ventilations. Signs of airway burns include respiratory distress, singed nasal hairs, a brassy cough, difficulty breathing and coughing up soot sputum. Infection, the burns themselves and hypothermia should concern you; however, airway problems are the greatest threat to human life.)

Immediately upon delivery of a newborn's head, you should first:
A. dry the face
B. cover the eyes
C. suction the nose
D. suction the mouth

D

Which of the following conditions would most likely cause flushed skin?
A. shock
B. hypoxia
C. exposure to heat
D. low blood pressure

C
(Flushed or red skin commonly is seen in patients who are exposed to heat. Fever can also cause flushed skin. Shock and low blood pressure generally cause the skin to become pale, and hypoxia causes cyanosis, a bluish-gray tint to the skin.)

After a patient has a seizure, they will have a gradual state of awakening. This phase of a seizure is called:
A. the tonic phase
B. the postictal phase
C. the clonic phase
D. an aura

B

The process of losing heat through direct contact is called:
A. radiation
B. convection
C. conduction
D. evaporation

C

You are called to assist s SCUBA diver who is having trouble breathing. The patient states that it started approximately 15 minutes after she surfaced. She complains of chest pain, dizziness, blurred vision and nausea and vomiting. The patient is most likely suffering from:
A. pneumothorax
B. decompression sickness
C. barotrauma
D. an air embolism

D
(Any of these could be associated with dive incidents but these signs and symptoms are indicative of an air embolism. Divers who suffer from decompression sickness, or the bends, typically do not develop signs and symptoms of the bends for 12 to 24 hours after their dive. Barotrauma usually occurs as the diver is ascending or descending.)

You are called to the home of a 20-year-old male who is depressed. The patient states he is going to kill himself. Your first step in treating this patient after the scene is safe is to:
A. restrain the patient to prevent him from hurting himself
B. ask the patient why he wants to do something so stupid
C. ask the patient how he plans t kill himself
D. turn the scene over to law enforcement

C
(At this point, the scene is safe and the patient does not appear to be a threat to anyone. Restraining him would not be appropriate. No matter how you feel about what the patient is going to do, it is inappropriate for you to say that the patient is going to do something stupid. You should continue your treatment of the patient and not turn the scene over to law enforcement.)

The patient is bleeding severely from the lower leg. You have applied direct pressure and elevated the leg. Your next step is to:
A. apply a tourniquet
B. apply direct pressure
C. apply pressure at the pressure point
D. elevate the arm

C

When treating an eye injury involving an impaled object, it is important to:
A. cover both eyes and stabilize the object
B. cover the affected eye and stabilize the object
C. stabilize the object and do not cover either eye
D. remove the object and cover both eyes

A

You have successfully converted your cardiac arrest patient out of v-fib with your AED. The patient has a pulse and respirations are 6 per minute. You should:
A. continue CPR
B. monitor patient
C. administer 15 LPM via NRB
D. continue to assist the patient with ventilations via a BVM and oxygen

D

Which of the following arryhythmias should be shocked using an AED?
A. asystole
B. ventricular tachycardia
C. pulseless electrial activity
D. atrial fibrillation

B

A soft-tissue injury that results in a flap of torn skin is referred to as:
A. an incision
B. an avulsion
C. an abrasion
D. a laceration

B

When is it most appropriate to clamp and cut the umbilical cord?
A. as soon as the cord stops pulsating
B. after the placenta has completely delivered
C. before the newborn has taken its first breath
D. immediately following delivery of the newborn

A

You are treating a patient with a fractured femur. The most appropriate splint to use for this patient would be:
A. a ladder splint
B. the other leg
C. two board splint
D. a traction splint

D
(A traction splint is used for femur fractures. Ladder splints are used for angulated fractures. Board splints are good to use for extremity fractures.)

Albuterol is a medication administered by:
A. injection
B. inhalation
C. absorption
D. orally

B
(Albuterol is a bronchodilator)

You arrive on the scene of a tanker truck carrying a hazardous material. You should position your vehicle:
A. 2,000 feet from the tanker truck
B. uphill
C. upwind
D. all of the above

D

You are treating a 35 year old conscious choking victim. The patient suddenly goes unresponsive. Your next step is to:
A. attempt to ventilate the patient
B. perform CPR
C. deliver 5 abdominal thrusts
D. deliver 5 chest thrusts

B

You are the triage officer at the scene of a mass casualty incident. Which of the following patients should be treated first?
A. A 37-year-old female patient who is unresponsive
B. An 18-year-old male patient who is not breathing and has no pulse
C. A 29-year-old male patient with a femur fracture
D. An 8-year-old patient who is conscious but is having trouble breathing

A

When treating children, all of the following are important considerations except:
A. the fact that they are more susceptible to hypothermia
B. the padding is needed when immobilizing
C. that they should be treated just like adults
D. that they have smaller airways

C

When established a landing zone for a medical helicopter, the minimum area secured should be
A. 100' x 100'
B. 200' x 200'
C. 50' x 50'
D. 60' x 60'

A

A 20-year-old patient was sexually assaulted. The patient states that she is hemorrhaging profusely from the vagina. You should
A. do nothing and transport immediately
B. apply a sterile sanitary napkin
C. pack the vagina with sterile dressings
D. have the patient squeeze her leg together and transport immediately

B

A 45-year-old male was involved in a MVA. The patient is complaining of shortness of breath and chest pain. You recognize that the patient has JVD and the patient's pulse is weak and thready. You believe the patient has a pericardial tamponade. You distinguish that this is the problem with the patient by nothing or discovering
A. decreased heart sounds
B. patient has JVD
C. narrowing pulse pressure
D. patient is complaining of chest pain

C

You arrive on scene to find a patient who had a productive cough for the past two weeks. The patient is complaining of a fever and night sweats. Your next step would be to
A. obtain a better medical history
B. obtain vital signs
C. immediately transport the patient to the hospital
D. put the HEPA mask on

D

You arrive at an emergency room to find that the nurses are busy taking care of other patients. You are getting off shift and want to get back to the station. You and your partner move the patient into a hospital bed, lay the report on the bed with the patient, and leave. You and your partner have just committed
A. abandonment
B. negligence
C. appropriate patient care
D. vicarious liability

A

Which artery do you typically assess on an infant?
A. brachial artery
B. carotid artery
C. femoral artery
D. radial artery

A

You are treating a patient suffering from anaphylactic shock. Which of the signs and symptoms would you likely see in this patient?
A. urticaria, bradycardia, tachypnea, and stridor
B. subcutaneous emphysema, bradycardia, dyspnea, and wheezing
C. urticaria, hypertension, tachypnea, and tachycardia
D. urticaria, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension

D

When you grab a backboard, you realize that blood remains from an earlier call. With your hand covered in blood, your first step towards decontamination should be:
A. contacting your Infection Control Officer
B. washing your hands with soap and water
C. completing exposure control forms
D. going to the emergency department for admission

B

Which of the following is the most common cause of suicide?
A. alcohol
B. drugs
C. depression
D. the holidays

C

You are called to the scene of a possible drowning at a local pool. When you arrive on the scene, a bystander is holding the patient at the surface of the water. The patient is unconscious. Your next step is to:
A. being rescue breathing
B. remove the patient from the pool
C. start CPR
D. apply cervical and spinal immobilization

D

You arrive on the scene of a patient who says that she was bitten by fire ants. She has bites all over her legs. Your first step in treating this patient would be to:
A. apply high flow oxygen and remove any jewelry
B. cleanse the bites with alcohol to remove the sting
C. transport the patient to the hospital
D. use her epi-injector

You are treating a patient with frostbite. Which of the following actions should be taken?
A. break any blisters on the wound
B. apply direct heat to the affected area
C. rub or massage the affected area
D. remove any jewelry from the afflicted limb

You are suctioning your patient's airway. One of the biggest side effects of suctioning is:
A. hypoxia
B. aspiration
C. suction power
D. suction catheter clogging

A

Which of the following are the signs and symptoms of shock in the early stages?
A. tachycardia, anxious, restless, skin pale, cool, clammy
B. bradycardia, anxious, restless, skin pale, cool, and clammy
C. tachycardia, hypotension, increased breathing
D, bradycardia, hypotension, skin pale, cool, clammy

A

Which of the following pressures is considered narrowed?
A. 30
B. 20
C. 20
D. 35

A

You are treating a patient with shortness of breath. You want to deliver 6 liters per minute of oxygen. You would deliver this flow rate with a:
A. nasal cannula
B. simple face mask
C. partial re-breather
D. non-rebreather

A

Which of the following is the first line of defense in fighting against infectious diseases?
A. vaccinations
B. hand washing
C. using BSI
D. using 100% bleach

B

The production of insulin occurs in the
A. pancreas
B. liver
C. gallbladder
D. kidney

A

You are treating a 62-year-old female patient who is complaining of shortness of breath, chest pain, and is coughing up a frothy sputum. You would suspect this patient has:
A. right sided congestive heart failure
B. left sided congestive heart failure
C. emphysema
D. pneumonia

B

You arrive on the scene of a 2 year old that has a barking cough, low-grade fever, and cold-like symptoms. You suspect

The three main bones of the arm are the:
A. humerus, tibia, and radius
B. humerus, ulna, and fibula
C. humerus, tibia, and fibula
D. humerus, ulna, and radius

Which of the following is not considered a significant mechanism of injury for an adult?
A. roll-over vehicle
B. falls greater than 10 feet
C. penetrations of head, chest, or abdomen
D. ejection from vehicle

Your patient has what appears to be a dislocated shoulder. Treatment for this patient should be:
A. sling and swathe the injured shoulder
B. immobilize the arm to the side of the patient
C. reset the shoulder and then immobilize
D. wrap the upper body in a pillow and immobilize both arms

A

You arrive on the scene to discover a patient who refuses to allow you to touch her. You feel the patient is in need in treatment and attempt to take her blood pressure. You have just committed:
A. an assault
B. battery
C. negligence
D. an act befitting your profession

B

You are assessing a 24-year-old male who was involved in a bar room brawl. Witnesses say the patient was struck with a barstool. The patient is unresponsive. You note battle signs on your assessment. This is a sign of:
A. intracranial bleeding
B. basilar skull fracture
C. epidural hematoma
D. subdural hematoma

B

Your patient is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. The patient does not complain of any pain or tenderness in the abdomen during your assessment. The patient's pulse is 128 and he is having difficulty breathing. His skin is pale, cool and clammy. You noticed he has a jaundiced appearance. You would suspect this patient has:
A. pancreatitis
B. esophageal varices
C. abdominal aortic aneurysm
D. appendicitis

B

There are three stages of labor. In the second stage of labor.
A. labor pains develop
C. the cervix becomes dilated
C. the baby is born
D. the placenta is expelled

C

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You are at the scene of a mass casualty incident. Who is in charge of the overall scene?
A. the EMT-B
B. the incident commander
C. the paramedic
D. the medical director

You arrive at the scene of a possible unconscious patient located in a lab setting. On the exterior of the room there is a NFPA diamond with a 4 in the blue portion of the diamond. This is an:
A. extreme health hazard
B. extreme fire hazard
C. extreme reactivity hazard
D. extreme water reactivity

A

You have just intubated a patient in cardiac arrest. Your partner tells you he hears breath sounds on the right side but not on the left. You would suspect:
A. intubated the right stem bronchus
B. intubated the left stem bronchus
C. are in the proper position
D. are in the esophagus

A

You are attempting to intubate a patient. The vocal cords appear anterior and you are having a difficult time visualizing them. You could
A. have your partner try
B. ask your partner to perform the Sellick maneuver
C. insert the laryngoscope further
D. wait until you get to the hospital

Which of the following medications is an EMT-B not allowed to assist the patient in taking?
A. the neighbor's nitroglycerin for chest pain
B. an albuterol inhaler for shortness of breath
C. the patient's nitroglycerin of chest pain
D. the patient's epipen for an allergic reaction

Which of the following is not part of the history or secondary exam?
A. form a general impression of the patient
B. take the patient's history
C. conduct a physical exam
D. take baseline vitals

In which age is capillary refill most useful?
A. infants only
B. patients less than six years of age
C. patients greater than six years of age
D. all ages

B

You are assessing a conscious patient complaining of chest pain. Which mnemonic will assist you in assessing the patient's current chief complaint?
A. DCAP-BTLS
B. SAMPLE
C. OPQRST
D. ABC

C

The patient you are treating has white, waxy skin on both hands. The patient's hands feel as if they're frozen. They are swollen and you notice that blisters are forming. Which of the following would you not want to do in caring for the patient.
A. rub the hands
B. remove any jewelry
C. cover the hands with dry sterile dressings
D. leave blisters intact

A

The kidneys are located in the
A. upper abdominal quadrant
B. peritoneum
C. lower abdominal quadrant
D. pelvic region

The right side of the heart has a three-flap valve called the
A. tri-valve
B. semilunar valve
C. mitral valve
D. tricuspid valve

Which of the following is a late sign of shock?
A. hypotension
B. tachycardia
C. cyanosis
D. anxiety

You should never approach a helicopter from the:
A. front
B. rear
C. left
D. right

B

EMTs should wear high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirators when they are in contact with patients who would have which of the following?
A. HIV
B. TB
C. open wounds
D. hepatitis B

B

You are called to assist a 60-year-old female who consists of a severe headache. Upon entering the home, you smell a strong odor of natural gas. What is your first action?
A. check the patient's airway, breathing and circulation
B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assess vital signs
C. remove the patient from the house to your ambulance
D. open all the windows and determine the source of the gas leak

C

The most common electrical rhythm disturbance that results in sudden cardiac arrest is called:
A. pulseless electrical activity
B. ventricular fibrillation
C. ventricular tachycardia
D. asystole

B

Which of the following is the highest priority patient?
A. 57 year old male with chest pain and systolic blood pressure of 80
B. 40 year old female with moderate pain from a leg injury
C. 75 year old male who appears confused but responds to commands
D. 25 year old female in labor with contractions six minutes apart

A

Of the following, which body fluid has the most potential to transmit blood-borne diseases?
A. nasal discharge
B. vomitus
C. amniotic fluid
D. feces

C