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Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Dorsal/posterior
Back
Ventral/anterior
Front
Plantar
Soles of feet
Palmar/volar
Palms of hands
Anterior
Forward
Posterior
Backward
Proximal
On limb, closer to point of attachment
Distal
On limb, further down
Medial
Midline
Lateral
Further from midline (middle)
Cranial
Head
Caudal
Tail-end
Superficial
Skin-level (external)
Deep
Organ-level (internal)
Sagittal section
Divides body into left and right
Midsagittal
Equal halves of sagittal section
Parasagittal
Unequal halves of sagittal section
Frontal/coronal section
Divides body into front and back
Transverse/horizontal/cross section
Divides body into top and bottom
Dorsal body cavity
Brain and spinal cord
Ventral body cavity
Visceral organs
Cranial cavity
Brain and spinal/vertebral canal
Thoracic cavity
Superior portion of ventral cavity. Pleural cavities and pericardial cavities
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal and pelvic cavities
What cavity does the diaphragm divide?
The ventral body cavity
Which cavity do these organs reside: Stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, most of the large intestine
Abdominal cavity
Which cavity do these organs reside: Urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum, uterus, ovaries
Pelvic cavity
Where is the pelvic cavity located
Within the bony pelvis
What is the serous membrane
A moist, slippery, and double-layered membrane. Strong and elastic.
Where is the serous membrane found and what does it cover?
Found in the ventral body cavity. Covers:
The viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities
The walls of the thorax and abdomen
Parietal pleurae
Serous membranes that line the pleural cavities
What are the membranes that line the lungs?
Serous membranes called visceral pleurae
What is the parietal pericardium?
Serous membrane that lines the pericardial cavity
What is the visceral pericardium?
Serous membrane that covers the heart
Parietal vs. visceral
Parietal: Lines the cavity Visceral: Covers the organ
Peritoneum
Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
What are the double-layered folds in the peritoneum called?
Mesenteries
What are organs within the peritoneal cavity called? What are some examples of these organs?
Intraperitoneal. Liver, stomach, spleen, most of the small intestines, colon
What are the organs that lie behind the parietal peritoneum? What is the name for this?
Pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, sex organs, urinary bladder, gallbladder, duodenum, ascending and descending colon. This is called retroperitoneal
What is the job of mesenteries?
To hold organs in place
What is the peritoneal cavity?
A cavity found in between 2 layers of peritoneal membrane. Filled with serous fluid.
Condenser
Concentrates and directs light
Iris diaphragm
Thin, overlapping metal plates with a hole in its centre. Regulates intensity of light passing through the condenser
Ectoparasite
Parasites found outside the body
Endoparasite
Parasites found within the body
Note 
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