Colligative Properties

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to colligative properties, their definitions, and associated terms studied in chemistry.

Colligative Properties

Properties that depend only on the number of solute particles, not their type.

Freezing Point Depression

The decrease in the freezing point of a solution compared to that of the pure solvent.

Boiling Point Elevation

The increase in the boiling point of a solution compared to that of the pure solvent.

Vapor Pressure Lowering

The reduction in the vapor pressure of a solvent when a solute is added.

Osmotic Pressure

The pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent into a solution via osmosis.

Raoult's Law

The vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by the mole fraction of the solvent.

Ideal Solution

A solution where solute-solvent interactions are similar to solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions, following Raoult's Law.

Non-Ideal Solution

A solution where the interactions differ significantly, causing deviations from Raoult's Law.

Van’t Hoff Factor (i)

The ratio of moles of solute particles to moles of formula units dissolved, used for determining colligative properties of electrolytes.

Hypoosmotic Solution

A solution with lower osmotic pressure than the cell, causing the cell to swell.

Hyperosmotic Solution

A solution with higher osmotic pressure than the cell, causing the cell to shrivel.

Isosmotic Solution

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as the cell, resulting in no net flow of water.

Strong Electrolyte

A substance that completely dissociates into ions in solution.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that does not dissociate into ions in solution and does not conduct electricity.

Osmosis

The flow of solvent from low concentration to high concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

Brownian Motion

The random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (liquid or gas) resulting from their collision with the fast-moving atoms or molecules in the fluid.

Tyndall Effect

The scattering of light by colloidal particles, which makes the path of the light beam visible.

Colligative Properties of Strong Electrolyte Solutions

The calculated adjustments for freezing point, boiling point, and osmotic pressure based on the Vant Hoff factor.