ABIO 375 - Varicella (Shingles)

What causes this disease/condition?

Varicella-zoster

What is the infectious agent (give its name, identify the gene/genetic material, and explain any genetic issues)?

Varicella-zoster virus (reactivation or secondary manifestation of it)

Who gets it?

Adults, older adults, immunocromprosed, people who had chickenpox (since it stays dormant and can reactivate)

If it is contagious, how is it spread?

No, it is not contagious. Virus itself isn't spread from person to person. However, if a person who has never had chickenpox or the varicella vaccine is exposed to the virus from someone with shingles, they can get chickenpox. Later in life, that person could develop shingles if the virus reactivates.

What are the symptoms/stages of the disease?

Painful rash present along dermatomes (often with blisters in limited area of body), itching and tingling (2-4 weeks). Pain may occur 7-10 days prior to rash. Other symptoms may include headache, fever, chills. Rash and discomfort last 2-4 weeks until blisters crust over.

How do we identify/diagnose it?

Rash, blisters, along dermatomes on one side.

How do we treat it?

Covering, not itching, pain relief, nutritious diet, loose-fitted closing, anti-virals for extreme cases

Can we prevent it? If so, how? If not, why?

NOT preventable if already had chickenpox — virus can reactivate later and cause shingles. Get shingles vaccine (Shingrix) to reduce risk and severity, even if you've had chickenpox. Avoid exposing people who have never had chickenpox or the varicella vaccine, especially immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women.

List at least 3 other things you learned about this condition/What are some historical facts, previously used treatments, or links to other diseases related to this condition?

1 in 3 people in the US get shingles

People with blood relatives who have had shingles are 4-5 times more likely to get it

We don't know if shingles will appear in people who ddin't have chickenpox and got exposed.