FORCES AND NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

A __ is a push or a pull

Force

Force is a __ quantity

Vector

Force SI Unit

Newton (N)

__ arise from physical contact

Contact forces

__ do not require contact

Action-at-a-distance forces

__ is a measure of the amount of “stuff” contained in an object

Mass

Mass is a __ quantity

Scalar

Mass SI Unit

Kilogram (kg)

An object continues in a state of rest or in a state of motion at a constant speed along a straight line, unless compelled to change that state by a net force

Newton’s First Law of Motion

The __ is the __ of all of the forces acting on an object

NET FORCE, vector sum

__ is the natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion at a constant speed along a straight line

Inertia

The __ of an object is a quantitative measure of inertia

Mass

When a net force acts on an object of mass, the acceleration that results is directly proportional to the NET FORCE and has a magnitude that is inversely proportional to the mass. The direction of the acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on the first body.

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body ,the second body exerts an __ force of __ on the first body.

Oppositely directed, equal magnitude

There are 2 general types of forces ___ and ___

Fundamental, non-fundamental

3 fundamental forces

1. Gravitational force

2. Strong nuclear force

3. Electroweak force

3 non-fundamental forces

1. Friction

2. Tension in a rope

3. Normal or support forces

Every particle in the universe exerts an attractive force on every other particle. A particle is a piece of matter, small enough in size to be regarded as a mathematical point. The force that each exerts on the other is directed along the line joining the particles.

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

The __ is one component of the force that a surface exerts on an object with which it is in contact – namely, the component that is perpendicular to the surface.

Normal force

When an object is in contact with a surface there is a force acting on that object. The component of this force that is parallel to the surface is called the __.

Frictional Force

When the two surfaces are NOT SLIDING across one another the friction is called __

Static Friction

__ opposes the relative sliding motion that does occur.

Kinetic friction