Science 1103 Test Study Material on Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, and Multicellular Organisms

Any organism with DNA enclosed in a nucleus

Eukaryote

Any organism with DNA not enclosed in a nucleus

Prokaryote

Members of a large, diverse collection of eukaryotic organisms; classified in the kingdoms Plantae or Protista

Algae

Single-celled algae; able to live independently

Unicellular

Algae that form colonies of individual cells working together; some specialized cells

Colonial

Algae with groups on integrated, highly specialized cells

Multicellular

Organism incapable of synthesizing its own food; must ingest nutrients from its environment

Heterotroph

Organism capable of producing its own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Autotroph

Microscopic algae; base of the food chain

Phyloplankton

Relationship; organism of one specieslives on or in an organism of another species; one or both organism benefit

Symbiosis

Process of asexual reproduction; the DNA and cellular material of one cell divides to form two cells

Binary fission

Process of sexual reproduction; cellular material of two cells fuses to produce a zygote

Conjugation

Green algae are classified in the kingdom ________________ because all but a few species are autotrophic with _______________ bound double membranes

Plantae ... chloroplasts

The ___________ of a kelp, which is a type of brown algae, is made up of a stemlike, hollow tube structure called a _________ and leaflife structures called blades

Thallus ... stipe

The rigid cell wall of green, brown, and red algae contain ________________

cellulose

The cell wass of diatoms, golden algae, and yellow-green algae contain _______________

Silica

_________________ are heterotrophic, spore-producing eukrayotes, such as molds, mushrooms, puffballs, and yeasts, which have cell walls contianing ________________

Fungi ... chitin

A ______________ is a heterotrophic organism that feeds on dead or decyaing organic matter

Saprotroph

A _______________ is a parasitic organism that causes serious diseases in plants, animals, and humans

Pathogen

Lichens are plantlike organisms consisting of _______________________and green __________________________living together in a symbiotic relationship

Fungi ... algae

____________________ is a chemical process of breaking down carbohydrates to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Fermentation

A _______________ is a microscopic, threadlike strand that is a single, elongated, tubelike cell with many nuclei.

Hypha

Many hypha twisted together make up the body of the fungus, or the ________________

Mycelium

_____________ are the rootlike hyphate of a bread mold that grown down into a food source, anchor the fungus, secrete digestive enzymes, and absorb nutrients

Rhizoids

_____________ are hyphae that spread horinzontally over the food source of the bread mold

Stolons

The largest and most diverse group of multicelluar fungi are ___________ fungi

Sac

A saclike hypha called a/an _____________ form a tube-shaped capsule filled ascospores in the fruiting body of a sac fungus

Ascus

______________ fungi, which are the second-largest group of fungi, have club-shaped reproductive structures called _____________, and include smut, rust, mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi.

Club ... basidia

On the underside of the ___________, which is the cone-shaped part at the top of the mushroom's fruiting body, are flat layers of gills lines with spore-containing basidia

Cap

_______________ is the branch of science that deals with the formation, structure, and function cells

Cytology

The __________ is the basic unit of living things

Cell

____________ consits of all the substance between the cell's membrane and nucleus

Cytoplasm

Tiny, organlike structures; carry on a metabolic processes within a cell

Organelles

Round or oval-shaped organelle that converts chemical energy into energy that can be used by the cell

Mitochondrion

Region of a cell that controls reproductionand the production of oroteins and other organic molecules needed by the cell

Nucleus

Mircoscopic unicellular, heterotopic eukayotes; ciliates, flagellated protozoans, amoeboids, and sporozoans

Protozoans

Protozoan; two nuclei; cilia

Ciliate

Protozoan; resembles an amoeba in form or function

Ameoboid

Cellular process of surrounding and digesting food using an amoeboid's pseudopods

Phagocyutosis

Microscopic, unicellular prokaryotes; rigid cell walls composed of carbohyudrates and amino acids; often classified by shpaed and by arrangements of cells

Bacteria

Spherical bacteria

Coccus

Rod-shaped bacteria

Bacillus

Mircoscopic, unicellular prokaryotes; rigid cell walls made of proteins; live in come of the most extreme environments

Archaea

Galatians 6:9

And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not.

Psalm 24:4

He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceitfully.