Acid Base

What is pH?

Acidosis or alkalosis

What is a high pH?

Alkalosis

What is a low pH?

Acidosis

Respiratory

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Metabolic (kidneys)

HCO3 (biocarbonate)

CO2 level

35-45

Hypoventilation

High CO2

Hyperventilation

Low CO2

HCO3

Bicarbonate 22-26

What happens when you excrete a lot?

HCO3 will go down

What happens when the body retains?

HCO3 will go up

pH

7.35-7.45

CO2

35-45

HCO3

22-36

PO2

80-100

pH

(acidosis) 7.35-7.45 (alkalosis)

CO2

(acidosis) 45-35 (alkalosis)

HCO3

(acidosis) 22-26 (alkalosis)

Respiratory acidosis holds what?

CO2 (causing COPD = emphysema, asthma, airway obstruction, pulmonary edema, pneumonia)

What does a Bipap do?

Pulls out CO2 (noninvasive positive pressure)

What helps breathing?

Incentive Spirometer

Bronchodilator (albuterol)

What is DKA?

Diabetic keto-acidosis

Metabolic acidosis affects the _______?

Kidneys = HCO3 decrease

What are symptoms of DKA?

Diarrhea, renal failure, potassium levels increase, always weak, can become confused, lethargy, headache

What do our labs look like with metabolic alkalosis?

High HCO3

What does vomiting cause?

• Metabolic alkalosis

Our stomach has pH, vomiting = losing pH (acid)

GI suction = NG tubes > losing pH (acid)

If anemic or bulimic what does that cause?

• antacids

• hypokalemia

Respiratory alkalosis causes include:

• Losing CO2

• Breathing fast

• Anxiety attack

• Fever (high)

• OD aspirin