Westward Expansion, Unit 2

westward expansion, native Americans, farmers, etc

what was the trail of tears?

A 5,000 mile trail with brutal conditions, causing many Native Americans to die.

Who was sitting bull?

A Sioux Lakota holy man and chief known for his spiritual leadership and fierce opposition to U.S. expansion onto Native lands.

what was the Treaty of Fort Laramie?

a series of agreements between the US government and Native American tribes, most notably the 1851 treaty that recognized tribal territories in the safe passage for settlers, in the 1868 treaty, which established the great Sue reservation, including the sacred Black Hills, and exchange for peace and provisions for the tribe.

What is the Dawes act?

Law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners

What happened in the Battle of Wounded Knee?

What was Custer’s Last Stand?

United States general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the battle of Little Bighorn.

Sodbusters

name given to Great Plains farmers because they had to break through so much thick soil, called sod, in order to farm

Wounded Knee

After killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered.

farmers alliance

A Farmers' organization worked for lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the government's tight money policy

Soddy

a frontier home usually dug into a hill or made from sod.

Transcontinental Railroad

Connected the East and West Coast with the Central Pacific and Union Pacific lines

Chisholm Trail

A former cattle trail from San Antonio in Texas to Abilene in Kansas

Battle of Little Bighorn

Battle after the Treaty of Fort Laramie is broken by the US Government.  The Sioux fought General Custer and won

Exodusters

African Americans who migrated from the South to the West after the Civil War

Technology that led to agriculture boom of 1880s

reaper, thresher machines, barbed wire, steel plow

populist party

Represented mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies

The Great Plains

vast grassland between the mississippi river and the rocky mountains

Red Cloud’s War

Sioux leader’s struggle to keep U.S. miners off the Bozeman Trail, ended with a win for the Sioux and signing of the Treaty of Fort Laramie.

Boomtown

a community experiencing a sudden growth in business or population, especially in the West

Open Range

A vast area of grassland owned by the government where ranchers could graze their herds for free

Sand Creek Massacre

an attack on a group of Cheyenne by a regiment of Colorado militiamen that resulted in the death of more than 200 tribal members

Bonanza Farms

large farms that came to dominate agricultural life in much of the West, operated similar to factories.

homestead act

Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration

What battle win was short lived?

The battle of Little Bighorn.

Who was involved in the Battle of Wounded Knee?

Sitting Bull, kicking bear and the U.S. Army