Mus 100 test 2

Monody

A vocal style with a single melodic line and simple accompaniment, emphasizing emotional expression and text clarity.

Recitative

A speech-like style of singing used in opera and oratorio to advance the plot or dialogue.

Basso Continuo

A continuous bass line with chordal accompaniment, typically played by harpsichord and cello.

Concerto Grosso

A Baroque instrumental form featuring contrast between a small group of soloists (concertino) and the full orchestra (ripieno).

Oratorio

A large-scale vocal work similar to opera but without staging or costumes; often based on sacred texts.

Opera

A dramatic vocal genre combining singing, instrumental music, acting, and sometimes dance.

Chamber Music

Music written for a small ensemble, one player per part, intended for intimate performance settings.

Galant Style

A light, elegant musical style that emphasized melody and clear structure, bridging Baroque and Classical ideals.

Sonata (Classical Era Genre)

A multi-movement instrumental work for one or two instruments, typically featuring contrasting tempos and characters.

Da Capo Aria

An aria with an ABA structure where the opening section returns after a contrasting middle section.

Fugue

A composition featuring systematic imitation of a main theme (subject) in multiple voices.

Virtuoso

A highly skilled musician known for technical mastery and expressive playing.

Aria

A lyrical, melodic song for solo voice, usually reflecting emotion rather than advancing the plot.

French Baroque Music

Known for dance rhythms, ornamentation, and grandeur; centered around the court of Louis XIV.

Symphony

A large multi-movement work for orchestra, often in four movements with contrasting moods and tempos.

Sonata Form

A three-part structure (Exposition, Development, Recapitulation) used in first movements of symphonies and sonatas.

Empfindsamer Stil (“Sensitive Style”)

A Classical style emphasizing emotional expression, contrast, and subtlety; associated with C.P.E. Bach.

String Quartet

A chamber music ensemble (two violins, viola, cello) and the works written for it.

Concerto

A work for solo instrument and orchestra emphasizing contrast and virtuosic display.

Minuet and Trio

A stately triple-meter dance form often used as the third movement in Classical symphonies and string quartets.

Reform Opera

A movement to simplify opera, focusing on natural expression and dramatic integrity; led by Christoph Gluck.

Claudio Monteverdi

An Early Baroque composer who bridged the Renaissance and Baroque; developed early opera and expressive monody.

Henry Purcell

An Early Baroque English composer known for “Dido and Aeneas” and blending Italian and French styles.

Jean-Baptiste Lully

An Early Baroque French composer of court ballets and operas; shaped the French Baroque style.

Arcangelo Corelli

An Early Baroque Italian violinist and composer who helped establish the concerto grosso and violin technique.

J.S. Bach

A Late Baroque German composer known for complex counterpoint and mastery of fugue; wrote the Brandenburg Concertos.

Antonio Vivaldi

A Late Baroque Italian composer and violinist; wrote The Four Seasons and advanced the solo concerto.

George Frideric Handel

A Late Baroque German-British composer of operas and oratorios; famous for Messiah.

W.A. Mozart

A Classical Era Austrian composer known for symphonies, concertos, operas, and balanced clarity with emotional depth.

Franz Joseph Haydn

A Classical Era Austrian composer known as the “Father of the Symphony” and “Father of the String Quartet.”