4.4 Independence & the Multiplication Rule

P(A∩B) = P(A)×P(B|A)

the formula for the general multiplication rule - read as “the probability that two events, A and B, both occur is the probability that event A occurs multiplied by the probability that event B occurs given that event A has occurred

P(B|A) = P(B)

the formula for independent events

general multiplication rule

a rule for calculating the probability of compound events that does not require the events to be independent

disjoint events

events that cannot happen at the same time - also known as ‘mutually exclusive’

drawing without replacement

the idea that if an item is drawn from a set of items and is not replaced, then the sample space of the next draw is changed

independent events

events are this when the outcome of one event does not influence the probability of the others - for two of these events A and B, the probability that B happens is the same whether A happens or not

compound events

events that happen together