Keratinization, Hereditary, and Misc

What is feline acne a disorder of?

Follicular keratinization

What is the cause of feline acne?

Unknown

What are the C/S of feline acne?

Comedones on chin and lips

Papules and pustules if secondary bacterial infection is present

How do you diagnose feline acne?

Clinical presentation and cytology

How do you treat feline acne?

None if mild

Can use antiseborrheic shampoo, topical creams, fatty acids, systemic antibiotics if bacterial infection, clipping warm compresses

What are some antiseborrheic shampoos?

Sulfur/salicyclic acid

Benzoyl peroxide

What is canine tail gland hyperplasia?

Glandular hyperplasia due to androgen stimulation (caused if its intact)

What does canine tail gland hyperplasia look like?

Greasy, scaly, with alopecia on the affected area. Usually located on dorsal tail

How do you treat canine tail gland hyperplasia?

Antiseborrheic topical therapy and castration

Canine tail gland hyperplasia

What is stud tail?

Feline tail gland hyperplasia

What is feline tail gland hyperplasia?

Same thing as dog feline tail gland hyperplasia

Feline tail gland hyperplasia

What is acquired pattern alopecia (pattern baldness)?

Follicular dysplasia due to color dilution alopecia or canine flank alopecia

Pattern baldness (acquired pattern alopecia)

What breeds are predisposed to acquired pattern alopecia?

Dachshunds, whippets, italian greyhounds, boston terriers, chihuahuas

When does acquired pattern alopecia start?

6-9 months of age

What does acquired pattern alopecia look like?

Slowly progressive noninflammatory thinning of the hair coat on ventrum, caudomedial thighs and pinnae

No pruritus

Where do male dachshunds get acquired pattern alopecia

Pinnae

How do you diagnose acquired pattern allopecia?

C/S rule out other causes

How do you treat acquired pattern alopecia?

Irreversible

What is color dilution alopecia?

Color linked follicular dysplasia due to hereditary predisposition of a mutation with melanophilin gene related to coat color

What is happening during color dilution alopecia?

Abnormal clumping of melanin in hair shafts causing distortion and breakage of hair

What dogs get color dilution alopecia?

Dogs with diluted coat colors like blue or fawn Doberman pinschers, silver labs

What is the timeline of color dilution alopecia?

Starts as a puppy or young adult causing progressive hypotrichosis affecting the diluted regions

Secondary folliculitis and comedones can occur

Color dilution alopecia

Melanin clumps in hair shafts (color dilution alopecia)

How do you diagnose color dilution alopecia?

C/S

Melanin clumping on trichogram

Biopsy to confirm

How do you treat color dilution alopecia?

Incurable so control secondary infections

What is the cause of canine flank alopecia?

Hereditary predisposition

What is the pathogenesis of canine flank alopecia?

Photoperiod (hair loss in fall and winter and can regrow 3-6 months later)

What is the signalment for seasonal flank alopecia?

Boxers, english bulldogs

What are the C/S of seasonal flank alopecia?

Bilaterally symmetric well-demarcated areas of alopecia, areas are hyperpigmented on lateral thorax and flank regions

Nonpruritic

Canine flank alopecia

How do you diagnose canine flank alopecia?

C/S and history

Biopsy of dysplastic follicles

How do you treat canine flank alopecia?

Unpredictable course but melatonin can help

What is melatonin?

Hormone secreted by pineal gland involved in photoperiod-related hair growth

When do melatonin levels increase?

Winter

What does melatonin decrease?

Adrenal sex hormone levels

T/F melatonin is an antioxidant?

True

What is ichthyosis?

Rare congenital condition due to inherited defect in keratin synthesis or defects in stratum corneum

What breeds are predisposed to ichthyosis?

Goldens, WHWT, Jack russels, Cav King Charles, bulldog

What are the C/S of ichthyosis?

Scaly skin, hyperkeratosis of nasal planum and footpads

How do you diagnose ichthyosis?

C/S and history, biopsy, genetic testin

How do you manage ichthyosis?

Topical therapy

Oral fatty acids

Ichthyosis

What is familial canine dermatomyositis? 

Inherited inflammatory condition of skin and muscles that causes ischemic dermatopathy

What is the etiology of familial canine dermatomyositis?

Immune-mediated

What breeds are predisposed to familial canine dermatomyositis?

Collies, shelties, belgian tervuren

When does familial canine dermatomyositis onset?

Young with variable clinical course

What are the C/S of dermatomyositis?

Erythema, scale, alopecia, crusts, scarring

Ulceration if severe

What areas get dermatomyositis?

Face, pinnae, legs, digits, tip of tail (areas subject to friction

Dermatomyositis

how do you treat dermatomyositis?

Supportive care and treat skin

Pentoxifylline, vitamin E, fatty acids, steroids initially, cyclosporine

What is the etiology of feline eosinophilic granuloma complex?

Underlying hypersensitivity sometimes unknown

What syndromes does feline eosinophilic granuloma complex make?

Indolent ulcer

Eosinophilic plaque

Eosinophilic granuloma

Indolent ulcer

Eosinophilic plaque

Eosinophilic granuloma

Where are indolent ulcers located?

Lip usually

Where are eosinophilic plaques located?

Body

How do you dx eosinophilic granuloma complex?

C/S

Eosinophilia

Cytology with lots of eosinophils and maybe basophils

Biopsy

How do you treat eosinophilic granuloma complex?

Steroids initially

Atopica (cyclosporine can help)

Antibiotics for any secondary infection

What do you need to do to prevent eosinophilic granuloma complex from recurring?

Assess underlying hypersensitivity

• Diet trial

• Testing for environmental allergy

• Trails with drugs to manage atopy

• Flea control

What is canine juvenile cellulitis?

Young puppies with sterile pus usually

Secondary bacterial infection can occur

What is the etiology of canine juvenile cellultis?

Unknown

What are C/S of juvenile cellulitis?

Swollen muzzle, submandibular lymphadenopathy

Pustules, papules

Purulent otitis

Lethargy

Lameness

Juvenile cellulitis

How do you dx juvenile cellulitis?

Puppy and pyogranulomatous inflammation on cytology with no bacteria

How do you treat juvenile cellulitis?

Short course of prednisone or dexamethasone

Antibiotics if secondary infection is present

What is the signalment for acral lick dermatitis?

Large breed dogs, associated with allergic dermatitis, infection, and localized pain

Can be psychogenic

What are the C/S of acral lick dermatitis?

Single lesion where dog licks usually on carpal/metacarpal area

How do you diagnose acral lick dermatitis?

C/S are suggestive but can biopsy

Lick granuloma

How do you treat acral lick dermatitis?

Treat with antibiotics if bacterial infection is there

Treat lesion itself with steroids, topicals, cryosurgery

Eliminate boredom and stress

Psychological drugs might be needed

What is the prognosis of acral lick dermatitis?

Very difficult to resolve

Alopecia and a focal area of thickened/fibrotic skin can persist is lesion becomes chronic

What is feline psychogenic alopecia?

Self-induced alopecia due to overgrooming and stress

Where is feline psychogenic alopecia found?

Ventrum, medial thighs, forelegs, sides

What is on biopsy for feline psychogenic alopecia?

Normal skin

How do you tx feline psychogenic alopecia?

Reduce stress and add enrichment

Can use SSRIs

When feline psychogenic alopecia is misdiagnosed what is missed?

An allergic cause

What is syndrome 1 of zinc-responsive dermatosis?

Decreased absorption of zinc in puppies causes dermatosis

What breeds are predisposed to canine zinc-responsive dermatosis?

Siberian huskies

Alaskan malamutes

What is syndrome 2 of canine zinc-responsive dermatosis?

Transiently affecting growing puppies with a diet that is high in calcium and phytates

What are C/S of canine zinc-response dermatosis?

Young adults with adherent scale (hyperkeratosis), erythema, crusts on face and footpads

How do you diagnose canine-zinc responsive dermatosis?

C/S or biopsy

Zinc-responsive dermatosis

How do you treat canine zinc-responsive dermatosis syndrome 1?

Zinc supplementation for syndrome 1 starting with low end doses

What can enhance zinc absorption with canine zinc-responsive dermatosis tx?

Prednisone or fatty acids

How do you treat syndrome 2 canine zinc-responsive dermatosis?

Correct diet

How do you get granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

Inherited in dogs

What is granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

Sebaceous gland destruction due to granulomatous inflammatory response targeting sebaceous glands eventually they are destroyed

What does granulomatous sebaceous adenitis cause?

Scaly skin and poor hair coat due to destroyed sebaceous glands

What breeds are predisposed to granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

Standard poodle, akitas, samoyeds, vizslas, german shepherds, havanese,

What are C/S of granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

Scale, follicular casts, hypotrichosis, alopecia on face, pinnae and trunk

How do you dx granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

C/S are suggestive

Definitively with biopsy

Sebaceous adenitis

How do you tx granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

Keratolytic shampoos and moisturizers

Baby oil soaks then shampoo

Fatty acids

Cyclosporine

What is the goal when tx granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

Decrease scale and improve skin quality but can be difficult to manage

What is hair cycle arrest (alopecia X)?

Disorder that causes progressive truncal alopecia. Includes many different disorders