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Insulin ( produce by beta cells )
Released when blood glucose levels are high
Increases the rate of glucose uptake and metabolism by body cells
Effects are hypoglycemic
Glucagon ( produced by alpha cells )
Released when blood glucose levels are low
Stimulates the liver to release glucose to blood, thus increasing blood glucose levels - Effects are hyperglycemic
Gonads
Produce sex cells (exocrine function)
Produce sex hormones
Estrogens
Stimulate the development of secondary female characteristics
Mature the female reproductive organs
Promote breast development o Regulate menstrual cycle
Progesterone
Acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle
Helps in the implantation of an embryo in the uterus
Helps prepare breasts for lactation
Testosterone
is the most important androgen
Responsible for adult male secondary sex characteristics
Promotes growth and maturation of male reproductive system - Required for sperm cell production
Human placental lactogen (hPL)
prepares the breasts for lactation
Relaxin
relaxes pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis for childbirth