Empire -Australia

Australias purpose in 1788

Was destined to be a penal colony in New south wales

this is due to the large population of england becoming increasingly criminal and the prisons were overcrowded

Discovery of australia

Captian james cook landed at Botany Bay in 1770-declared it fertile and empty

Who was joseph banks?

Was a botanist

He was a strong advocate for NSW and australia to be made a colony

He said there was many flax and hemp seeds

The first fleet?

11 ships of 1420 people

1373 made it

Under the command of captain arthur phillip

What were the nature of offenses that people got sent to australia for?

Petty crimes-431 were for minor theft

Initial problems in the settlement?

Phillips’ first priority was to find water and create a settlement

-there tunred out to be no fresh water and unusable soil

what was the first place they landed at called?

botany bay

What use were the convicts?

A source of labour,used to develop public facillities

What was the rum rebellion 1808?

The only armed take over of government in australia

Overthrow of William Bligh who tried to calm down the NSW Corps

Nsw corps activities?

brewed alcohol for barter

other reasons for establishing Aus-?not just penal

rivalry with france-didnt want to let them get it

loss of american colonies-in the market

wanted to eradicate the “criminal class”

who was the first captian of the 1st fleet?

captian Arthur phillips

when was the 1st fleet? (when the course starts)

1788

what was Bligh nicknamed?

“the bounty bastard”

what was the holey dollar?

created to address the shortage of coins-doubled number of them

example of Macquarie using convict labour

Macquiares nickname?

father of austrialia

Macquarie biography?

orders to arrest leaders of rum rebellion-john MacArthur

experienced in india and america

what is a currency?

freeborn child of a convict

began to develop uniqeu accents and were noticably healthier

emancipists?

convict who had served their sentence or pardoned

what did macqauire think of the use of convicts?

rejected ideas of convicts being used to develop wealth of english

willing to rehab them

issues with sydney according to macquarie?

no hospital

churches were huts

no roads or sewers

improvements to sydney?

new hospital-”rum hospital”

female factory at parramatta

hyde parks barracks

hyde parks barracks?

macquarie did not ask for permission to build this

blue mountians date?

1813

impact of blue mountains crossing?

“enough grass to support the stock of this colony for 30 years”

use of convict labour-produced in 6 month as convicts were promsed pardons if they made it fast

Response to macquarie from britian?

critized by britian-costed 3 million but didnt send any goods to Britain

costs of transportation had increased

lord bathurst-convicts should work only

did not like how kind macquarie was to convicts

Biggie bio?

snooty twat

tory lawyer

though convicts were scum

what did Bathurst tell biggie Australia must be?

“an object of real terror”

meaning it must be a deterrent for criminals