endocrine system ch 17
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20 Terms
Hormones are defined as
Signaling molecules released into the bloodstream
Neurotransmitters are
Chemical messengers released by neurons to communicate with a local cell or cells
What statements best describes endocrine signaling
It involves hormones that induce cellular responses throughout the body
What primary endocrine glands are included in the endocrine system
Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal
What statement best describes steroid hormones
They are produced by cholesterol modification
What statement best describes amine hormones
They are produced by modifying a single amino acid
What statement best describes peptide and protein hormones
They consist of multiple amino acids that link to form an amino acid chain
What statement best describes hormone receptors
They are proteins located either inside the cell or within the cell membrane
What statement best describes intracellular hormone receptors
They are located within the cell because they bind to lipid-soluble hormones.
What statement best describes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
The second messenger used most during intracellular signaling
What statement best describes a G protein
A membrane spanning protein involved in signal transduction
What statement best describes adenylyl cyclase.
An enzyme that concerts adenosine triphosphate (APT) to (cAMP)
What statement best describes protein kinases
Enzymes activated by cAMP
What statement best describes a phosphodiesterase (PDE)
An enzyme that degrades cAMP to ensure that a target cells response ends quickly
What statement best describes the hypothalamus
It has both neural and endocrine functions and secretes many regulatory hormones
What statement best describes the pituitary gland
It is two separate structures- the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis
What statement best describes the anterior pituitary
It is brain structure that is a true endocrine glad, not neural
What statement best describes the posterior pituitary
It is a brain region that secretes two neurohormones, oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
What Statement best describes the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
It is the vascular connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland
What statement best describes autocrine signaling
A signaling molecules that binds to the cell that released it to elicit a response.
