Studied by 4 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
hugeunots
french protestants
henry of Navarre
political leader of the Huguenots, king of france
King Phillip II
catholic, king of spain
william the silent
prince of orange, treaty with the dutch
elizabeth tudor
queen of england
armanda
fleet of warships
miltant
combative religions
What did French Kings do to stop the spread of Protestantism?
persecuted protestants
ultra-catholics
strongly opposed Huguenots
When did Henry of Navarre succeed to the throne?
1589
what did the edict of Nantes in 1598 do?
recognized catholic as official religion of France
gave Huguenots right to worship
gave Huguenots political privilege (ex: holding office)
Did King Phillip II support militant catholism?
Yes
When was the battle of lapanto
1571
Spanish Netherlands and Belgium were _____
rich
Where did Phillip II send 10,000 troops and why?
Belgium, nobles resent him and he was trying to destroy Calvinism there
What did William the Silent offer Phillip II?
a 12 year truce to stop the wars
How did King Phillip leave Spain when he died?
In debt with an inefficient government and a military that was out-of-date
When did Elizabeth come to the throne?
1558
What laws did Elizabeth repeal?
laws favoring Catholics
What did Elizabeth’s new Act of Supremacy entail?
named her as the only supreme governor of the church and state
When and where did Spain send their fleets?
In 1588, and to England
James I
king of Scotland, then king of England, believed in divine rights
Purtitans
Protestants in England
Charles I
James I son
Cavaliers/Royalists
Supports of the King of England
Roundheads
supported the parliament
Oliver Cromwell
created an army of extreme puritans who believed they were fighting for God
James II
King of England after Charles I, catholic
inflation
rise in prices without a change in wages
witchcraft
belief in magic
divine rights of kings
kings receive their powers from God and are responsible only to God
commonwealth
declared England a republic
When was Europe’s economic and social crisis’s?
1560-1650
Why was Spain’s economy falling?
Mines in the new world producing less silver
Spain lost Muslim and Jewish merchants
Pirates were raiding Spanish ships
What made Central and Southern Europe decline?
Warfare, plague, and low food
Inquisition
Church courts
Who were mainly accused of withcraft?
single woman,
widowed woman,
woman over 50
When and how did witchcraft hysteria lessen?
1650, the government strengthened
When was the 30-year-war?
1618-1648
Who was involved int he 30-year-war?
Protestants and Catholics
What provoked the 30-year-war?
The Peace of Augsburg didn’t recognize Calvinism as a viable religion
What were the 3 main reasons for the 30-year-war?
Religion, politics, and territory
What was the first movement in the 30-year-war?
Protestants nobles in Bohemia rebelled against the Hapsburg holy Roman Emperor.
What country wasn’t involved in the 30-year-war?
England
Where was the 30-year-war fought?
Germany
What treaty ended the 30-year-war?
The Peace of Westphalia
Which country became dominant after the 30 year war?
France
France had a standing army of _____ by _____
400k by 1700
English Revolution
the struggle between the Parliament and the king to determine the power of each in governing England
When did Queen Elizabeth die and James come to power?
1603
Did James I believe in divine rights?
Yes
When did Parliament pass down a petition prohibiting the passing of taxes without parliaments consent?
1628
What caused thousands of Puritans to flee to the Americas?
Charles I added ritual to the Protestant service and Puritans saw this as a return to Catholicism
When did the civil war between the Parliament and the King break out?
1642
Who was involved in the civil war?
Royalists and Roundheads
Who won the civil war in England?
Parliament
Why did the Parliament win the civil war?
Parliament had an army of Puritans that believed they were fighting for God.
When was Charles I execution?
1649
What was the result of the Parliament winning?
Abolished the monarchy
House of Lords was declared a republic
Why did Cromwell dismiss the Parliament?
To set up a dictatorship
When did James II become King?
1685
Who invaded England under the Parliaments command?
William of Orange
Glorious Revolution
James and his family was driven out of England by William of Orange with almost no violence
When did William and Mary accept the throne?
1689
Bill of Rights
Parliament has right to make laws and levy taxes
Armies could only be raised with Parliaments consent
Citizens could bear arms
Citizens could be entitled to jury duty
What did the Bill of Rights lay the foundation for?
A limited or constitutional monarchy
Toleration Act of 1689
Gave Puritans the right of free public warship
Did the Parliament destroy the divine rights theory?
Yes
Cardinal RIchelieu
Louis XIV chief minister, took away Huguenots political and military rights, took control of the government due to the king coming to throne at a young age (4 years old)
Fredrick William the Great Elector
built a standing army of 40k men, in 1701 his son became king
When did Louis XIV first become king and how old was he?
1643 and 4 years old
Ivan IV
first ruler with czar title, known to be very ruthless
Michael Romanov
Czar after Ivan IV, ended “the time of troubles” in Russia after he was chosen for czar
Peter the Great
wanted to Europeanize Russia, absolute monarch, made the first Russian Navy
When did Peter the Great become czar?
1689
absolutism
a system which the ruler holds total power
czar
russian word for “caesar”
boyars
the power of Russian nobility
What were the two German states that emerged after the 30-year-war?
Austria and Prussia
What did Fredrick William use the General War commussariat for?
Oversee the army
Govern States
junkers
landed aristocracy who served in the army
When did Fredrick Williams son become king?
1701
Was the Austrian monarch a centralized, absolutist state?
No
Who was the first Russian ruler with the title of czar?
Ivan IV
When did Ivan IV ruling as Czar end?
1584
When was Michael Romanov chosen as Czar?
1613
Was Peter the Great part of the Romanov dynasty?
Yes
Did Peter the Great believe in divine rights?
Yes
Why did Peter want to Europeanize Russia?
Wanted European technology to create a great army
How was Peter the Greats army created?
by drafting peasants for 25 years
Who formed the first Russian navy?
Peter the Great
Why did Peter divide Russia into provinces?
to rule Russia more easily
Name two European customs that Russia was introduced to
Shaved beards and shortened coats
Why did Peter the Great go to war with Sweden?
He needed a port with access to the Europe through the Baltic Sea
When was St. Petersburg pronounced the capital of Russia and a viable sea prt?
1703
When did Louis take power?
1661
What were the three purposes of Louis’s court at Versailles?
Kings household
location of the chief office of state
place where the powerful could find favors and offices for themselves
Why did 200k Protestants flee to France?
Louis was trying to convert them all to Catholicism
What were the 4 wars that Louis started?
War of Devolution (1667-1668)
Dutch War (1672-1678)
War of the League of Augsburg (1688-1697)
War of Spanish Succession (1702-1713)
El Greco
from crete (greek), used elongated figured in his artwork
Note 
Flashcard (45)