AP Gov't Study Quiz Set

Political Socialization

The process by which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values.

Social Policy Support and Oppositions for Liberals

Policies favored and opposed by individuals with liberal ideologies.

Social Policy Support and Oppositions for Conservatives

Policies favored and opposed by individuals with conservative ideologies.

Social Policy Support and Oppositions for Libertarians

Policies favored and opposed by individuals with libertarian ideologies.

Demographic Data Comparing Liberals and Conservatives

Statistical information comparing characteristics of individuals with liberal and conservative beliefs.

Life-cycle & Generational Effects Impact on Ideologies

How age and generational differences influence political beliefs.

Fiscal Policy

Government decisions on taxing and spending to influence the economy.

Income Tax (16th Amendment)

Amendment allowing the federal government to levy an income tax.

Social Insurance Taxes (Social Security & Medicare)

Taxes that fund social insurance programs like Social Security and Medicare.

Mandatory Spending

Government spending required by law, such as entitlement programs.

Discretionary Spending

Government spending that can be adjusted annually, like defense and education.

Keynesian Economic Theory

Economic theory advocating for government intervention to stabilize the economy.

Supply-Side Economic Theory

Economic theory promoting tax cuts to stimulate economic growth.

Monetary Policy

Government control of the money supply to achieve economic goals.

The Federal Reserve’s Structure and Independence

The organization and autonomy of the central bank in the U.S.

Voting Amendments (15, 17, 19, 24, 26)

Constitutional amendments expanding voting rights.

Rational-Choice Theory

Theory that individuals make decisions based on self-interest.

Retrospective Voting

Voting based on past performance of candidates or parties.

Prospective Voting

Voting based on expected future performance of candidates or parties.

Party-Line Voting

Voting based on loyalty to a political party.

Structural Barriers to Voting (Voter ID Laws, Midterm/Presidential Elections)

Obstacles that affect access to voting, such as voter ID requirements and election timing.

Voter ID Laws

laws that require a person to provide some form of official identification before they are permitted to register to vote, receive a ballot for an election, or to actually vote

Midterm Election

The congressional elections that take place midway through a president's four-year term.

Presidential Election

an election held every four years on even-numbered years

Amendment 15 (1870)

This stated that the rights of citizens to vote should not bed denied by the US in race or color. It allowed African American men to vote, though poll taxes and literacy tests still prevented them from doing so. (date)

Amendment 17 (1913)

Direct election of senators

Amendment 19 (1920)

Women gain the right to vote

Amendment 24 (1964)

Abolition of poll taxes

Amendment 26 (1971)

Voting Age Set to 18 Years

Libertarian

One who believes in limited government interference in personal (socially) liberal and economically conservative liberties

Liberal Ideologies

-Support a more robust safety net for poor people

-Support social intervention and change

-Want to distribute resources to poor

-multiculturalism

Conservative Ideologies

Advocate minimal regulation of the economy and put little emphasis on income redistribution. Assimilation

Straight-Ticket Voting

practice of voting for candidates of only one party in an election

Amendment 23 (1961)

Washington D.C. residents can vote for president.