Integrated Science Unit 1 Vocab

Free Fall

Motion under the influence of gravity only

Simple Machine

A basic device that helps to perform work by either changing the direction or magnitude of a force.

Acceleration

The rate at which velocity changes with time; the change in velocity may be in magnitude, or direction, or both.

Newton

SI unit for force.

Newton’s 1st Law

Every object continues in a state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.

Momentum

The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.

Syllabus

A document containing information about a course of study, including topics, requirements, and expectations.

Science

The systematic study of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained.

Potential Energy

Stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system.

Vector Quanity

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Work-Energy Therom

The net work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy.

Terminal Velocity

The velocity at which the acceleration terminates because air resistance balances weight.

Kelvin

SI unit for temperature.

Scalar Quanity

A quantity that has magnitude, but not direction.

Impulse Momentum Theory

The impulse applied to an object will be equal to the change in its momentum;

Force

Any influence that can cause an object to accelerate. In the simplest sense, a push or a pull.

Inertia

The property of things to resist changes in motion.

Newton’s 2nd Law

The acceleration produced by a net force on an object is directly proportional to the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Mass

The quantity of matter in an object; also a measure of the object's inertia.

Second

SI unit for time.

Dynamic Equalibrium

The state of an object where the forces are balanced and the object is moving with a constant velocity.

Slope

A number that describes both the direction and the steepness of a line.

Gravitational Acceleration

The acceleration an object experiences when in free fall.

Efficiency

The percentage of the work put into a machine that is converted into useful work output.

Joule

SI unit for energy.

International System of Units (SI)

The international standard for measurement, also called the metric system.

Meter

SI unit for length.

Internal Force

A force that acts on an object or a system from the inside.

Work

The transfer of energy by a force acting on an object as it is displaced by the force.

Directly Porportional

The relation between two quantities where the ratio of the two is equal to a constant value.

Average Speed

The entire distance covered divided by the total travel time.

Geothermal Energy

Hot water or steam extracted from geothermal reservoirs in the earth's crust.

Velocity

The instantaneous speed of an object and a specification of its direction of motion.

Weight

The force upon an object due to gravity.

Newton’s 3rd Law

Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

Equilibrium

The state of an object where the net force is equal to zero, the forces are balanced, and the motion does not change.

Impulse

The product of the force acting on an object and the time during which it acts.

Non-free fall

Motion under the influence of gravity and air resistance.

Static Equilibrium

The state of an object where the forces are balanced and the object is at rest.

Conversion Factor

An arithmetical multiplier for converting a quantity expressed in one set of units into an equivalent expressed in another.

Energy

An abstract scalar quantity associated with motion (kinetic energy) or arrangement (potential energy).

Inversley Porportional

The relationship between two quantities where their product is equal to a constant value.

Conservation of Momentum

In the absence of an external force, the momentum of a system remains unchanged.

Speed

How fast something moves; the distance traveled per unit of time.

Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes.

Fossil Fuel

An energy source formed in the Earth's crust from decayed organic material.

System

A collection or group of objects.

Ampere

SI unit for electric current.

Kilogram

SI unit for mass.

Nuclear Energy

Energy that is released in significant amounts in processes that affect atomic nuclei.

External Force

A force that acts on an object or a system from the outside.

Mechanical Advantage

The factor by which a machine multiplies the force put into it.

Biomass

Organic non-fossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable energy source.

Hydropower

TheThe rate in which work is done or energy is transferred. energy in moving water.

Power

The rate in which work is done or energy is transferred.

Free Fall

Motion under the influence of only a gravitational force.

Kinetic Energy

Energy an object possesses due to its motion and mass.

Delta

Greek letter used in mathematics to signify a change in some quantity.

instantaneous speed

The actual speed of a moving object at any moment.