WHAP- Vocab List #5

Quiz on November 11/12

Renaissance

The historical European period from about 1400 to 1600, during which classical art, literature, architecture, and learning were revived in Europe

Humanism

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

Mercantilism/mercantilist

An economic system in which a country tries to increase its wealth and power by maximizing exports and minimizing imports.

Joint stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Prince Henry of Portugal

An early 15th century explorer, sought to increase the power of Portugal by seeking trade routes to the East by way of Africa. Sponsored voyages of exploration with the aim of building colonies in the North Atlantic and West Africa and began the Portuguese involvement in the African slave trade.

Caravel

A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.

Astrolabe

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

Bartolomeu Dias

1st European to sail around the tip of Africa, opened way to India, and was on the voyage that led to the discovery of Brazil.

Vasco da Gama

A Portuguese captain who was the first European to sail for India in 1497, established early Portuguese dominance in Indian Ocean

Hispaniola

First island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards, a settlement founded by Columbus on his second voyage to New World; the Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World.

Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Protestantism

A form of Christianity that was in opposition to the Catholic Church. Protestantism began in northern Europe in the early 16th century as a reaction to medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices.

Parliamentary Monarchy

A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament. A parliamentary monarchy is a political system where the function of head of state is vested in a hereditary or elected monarch

Absolute Monarchy

A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position, and the king or queen has almost complete power

Martin Luther

A German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses attacking church practices. He initiated protests against the RCC's faith and doctrines and argued against corruption among the Pope and clergy.

Golden Horde

Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde.

Louis XIV of France

"Sun King", absolute monarch of France, built Palace of Versailles, revoked Edict of Nantes. Monarch of 17th century who personified absolute monarchy

Peter the Great of Russia

Part of the Romanov Dynasty, he was an absolutist monarch who claimed the divine right to rule westernized & modernized Russia, created the first Russian Navy, divided Russia into provinces, and establishing St. Petersburg as the capital of Russia.

Commercial Revolution/Price Revolution

Occurred as a result of the accumulation of capital and the expansion of the free-market economy and the commercialization of agriculture, which enriched landowners in Western Europe.

Scientific Revolution

Culminated in 17th century, period of empirical advances associated with the development of wider theoretical generalizations, resulted in changes in traditional beliefs of the Middle Ages

Atlantic System

The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin

African Diaspora

The separation of Africans from their homeland through centuries of forced removal to serve as slaves in the Americas and elsewhere. Refers to communities worldwide resulting from historic movement of peoples from Africa

Chattel Slavery

Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person. Individuals are treated as personal property that can be bought, sold, and owned

Indentured Servitude/servant

Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor without pay

Concessions

A thing that is granted especially in response to demands 

Maritime

on or near the sea

Land-based empire

Empire deriving power from territorial holdings

Transoceanic

Situated on the other side of the ocean, associated with crossing the ocean.

North Atlantic

An international organization that has joined together for military purposes

Geopolitical rivalry

Competition between nations for power and influence. Geopolitical tensions refer to conflicts and rivalries between nations or regions that arise from their geographical, political, and economic interests.