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ACTUAL DIAGNOSIS
Problem of the client is present at the time of the nursing assessment
Based on the presence of associated signs and symptoms
HEALTH PROMOTION DIAGNOSIS
Relates to clients’ preparedness to implement behaviors to improve their health condition
SYNDROME DIAGNOSIS
Associated with a cluster of other diagnoses
POSSIBLE DIAGNOSIS
Statements describing a suspected problems for which additional data are needed to confirm or rule out of the suspected problem
RISK DIAGNOSIS
Clinical judgement that a problem does not exist, however the presence of risk factors indicates that a problem is likely to develop unless nurse intervenes
There are no current signs or symptoms at present
PROBLEM/RISK
Describes the client’s health problem or response for which nursing therapy is given
Describes the health status clearly and concisely in a few words
The purpose of diagnostic label is to direct the formation of client goals and desired outcomes
May also suggest some nursing interventions
ETIOLOGY
Related factors and risk factors Identifies
One or more portable cause of the health problem
Gives direction to the required nursing therapy
Enables the nurse to individualize the client’s care
Differentiating possible case is essential because each may require different nursing interventions
DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
The cluster of signs and symptoms that indicate the presence of a particular diagnostic label
actual nursing diagnoses, the defining characteristics are the client’s subjective and objective data
risk diagnoses, no sign and symptoms exist thus the factors that cause the client to be more vulnerable to the problem for the etiology
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Describes human responses to disease processes or health problems
Consist of one, -two or three part statements including problem and etiology
Oriented to the client
Nurse is responsible for diagnosing and ordering most interventions to prevent and treat the health problem
Most are independent nursing actions, and the nursing diagnosis may change frequently
Two parts statement
problem
etiology
usually joined by the words related to, rather than, or due to
Three parts statement
problem
etiology
signs/symptoms
One part statement
consist of NANDA label only ; health promotion diagnoses and syndrome
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
Describes disease and pathology
Do not consider human responses usually consists of a few words and are oriented to pathology
The primary care provider is responsible for diagnosing and ordering primary interventions
Nurses implement medical orders for treatment and monitor the status of the client’s condition
Diagnosis remains the same while diseases is present and there is a well developed classification system accepted by medical profession
COLLABORATIVE PROBLEMS
Involves human response mainly physiological complications of disease, tests, or treatments.
They consist of two part statements of situation/pathophysiology and the potential complication.
Collaborative problems are oriented to pathophysiology and nurses are responsible for diagnosing
Nurses collaborate to other healthcare workers and physicians to prevent and treat.
ANALYZING DATA
Nurse must compare data against standards or norms, generally accepted measures, rules, models, or patterns
Cluster the cues (generate tentative hypotheses) to determine the relationship of facts, determining whether patterns are present or represent isolated incidents and whether the data are significant
Identify gaps and inconsistencies ; all inconsistencies must be clarified before valid patterns can be established
IDENTIFYING HEALTH PROBLEMS
Client and nurse then identify problem that support tentative actual, risk, and possible diagnoses
Nurse must identify whether the client’s problem is a nursing diagnosis, medical or collaborative
RISKS AND STRENGTHS
The nurse and client must establish the client’s strengths, resources and abilities to cope.
FORMULATING DIAGNOSTIC STATEMENTS
Last step in diagnostic process
GUIDELINES FOR WRITING NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Write the statement in terms of a problem
Word the statement so that it is legally advisable
Use a nonjudgmental statement
Ensure both elements of the statement do not say the same thing
Ensure cause and effect are stated correctly
State the diagnosis specifically and precisely
Use nursing terminology rather than medical terminology to describe the client’s response.
Human response pattern includes
exchanging (mutual giving and receiving)
communicating (sending messages)
relating (establishing bonds)
valuing (assigning relative worth)
choosing (selection of alternatives)
moving (activity)
perceiving (reception of information)
knowing (meaning associated with information)
feeling (subjective awareness of information)