History Notes

What marked the beginning of the French and Indian War?

The refusal of the French to leave land claimed by Virginia, leading to Washington's attack.

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Paris after the French and Indian War?

The French left American territories and moved to Canada.

What major act did Britain pass in 1763 to limit colonial expansion?

The Proclamation of 1763.

What was the purpose of the Sugar Act?

To impose taxes on sugar and molasses to help pay for war debts.

What event sparked the Boston Massacre?

Tensions between colonists and British soldiers escalated, leading to British troops firing on a crowd.

What was the significance of the Boston Tea Party?

It was a protest against the Tea Act where colonists destroyed British tea shipments.

What were the Coercive Acts viewed as by the colonists?

Collective punishment for Boston's resistance.

What did the Olive Branch Petition represent?

An attempt by colonists to offer peace to King George III.

What strategy did Washington use to boost morale after losses?

A surprise attack at Trenton.

What was a Pyrrhic victory, particularly in the context of Bunker Hill?

A victory that comes at such a significant cost to the victor that it is almost tantamount to defeat.

Who authored the majority of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson.

What did Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' advocate?

The case for American independence.

What was the impact of the Articles of Confederation?

It created a weak central government with limited powers.

What did the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate?

The federal government's ability to enforce its laws.

What warning did Washington give in his Farewell Address?

Against permanent alliances and the divisive nature of political parties.

What did Jay's Treaty accomplish?

It stopped British attacks on U.S. ships and resolved outstanding issues.

What marked the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution?

Mass executions of those considered not revolutionary enough.

What led the British to shift their military focus to the Southern colonies?

The presence of more Loyalists and better ports.

Who was known as the Swamp Fox?

Francis Marion, a leader of southern guerrilla attacks.

What did the Peace of Paris treaty guarantee for the United States?

Recognition as a free and sovereign nation.

What was the key outcome of the American victory at Saratoga?

It convinced France to ally with the U.S.

What two political parties emerged in the late 18th century?

Federalists and Republicans.