Honors Programming 1 (2025-2026)

rule

required items for a program to compile/run

convention

items not required to compile, but generally accepted programming practices

naming convention

consistent, structured plan for naming things

camel case

the naming convention where the first letter of each additional word is capitalized with no spaces between words (Ex: camelCase)

upper camel case

the naming convention where the first letter of each word is capitalized with no spaces between words (Ex: CamelCase)

editor

used to write and manipulate source code

compiler

transforms source code written in a programming language into another computer language

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

software application that provides comprehensive development tools to programmers

object

code that represents real and imaginary things in a program

class

blueprint/template for creating objects (describes the states and behaviors)

method

behaviors (actions) of an object

field

stores the states/attributes of an object

public

used in the declaration of a class, method, or field that can be accessed by the members of any class

void

method modifier that returns nothing

argument

input by users or other methods

arithmetic operators

used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra ( +, -, *, /, %, ++, -- )

relational operators

return true or false ( > < >= <= != ==)

numeric literal

a sequence characters made of digits and up to one decimal point that may be preceded by a plus or minus sign

string literal

a sequence of characters enclosed in quotation marks

string concatenation

the operation of joining character strings end-to-end

comment

explanation or annotation in the source code of a program ignored by the computer

escape sequence

a combination of characters starting with a backslash (\) and placed within quotes with meaning beyond the literal characters

modulus

remainder of the division of one number by another

modulo

arithmetic operator (%) that returns the remainder of integer division

variable

memory location paired with a symbolic name that can hold a value used in a program

constant

variable that cannot be altered once initialized

identifier

user-defined name of a program element (variable name, method name, etc.)

declaration

identifying the name of an item you plan to use later in the program

initialization

assigning the original value to a variable, constant, or array

final

modifier to define an entity that cannot be changed nor derived from once initialized

assignment operator

assigns the value on its right to a variable or element on its left ( = )

primitive data type

type with predetermined memory size to hold the value of variables

byte

integers from -128 to 127 (Size 8 bit)

short

integers from -32,768 to 32,767 (Size 16 bit)

int

integers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (Size 32 bit)

long

integers from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (Size 64 bit)

float

real numbers from 3 .4e–038 to 3.4e+038 (Size 32 bit) roughly 6-7 decimal digits

double

real numbers from 1 .7e–308 to 1.7e+308 (Size 64 bit) roughly 15-16 decimal digits

boolean

true/false, (Size 1 bit)

char

single Unicode character (Size 16 bit)

reference data type

does not hold the value of a variable, but just a reference to a different memory location with the value

documentation

written text that accompanies software that explains how it works or how to use it

pseudocode

informal description of the operating principle of a computer program intended for human reading rather than machine reading

package

groups for organization within Java programming

import

used at the beginning of a source file to specify classes or entire Java packages to be referred to later

if

used to create a statement which tests a boolean expression

else

used in conjunction with if to create statement which tests a boolean expression

equals()

compares the target values that are referenced in the variable's memory location

truth table

mathematical table used in logic in connection with boolean functions which sets out the functional values of logical expressions on each of their functional arguments

structured programming

all programs are composed of 3 control structures

control structures

way to specify the order of executing the statements

sequential

executed in the order written

selectional

based on conditions, different statements are executed

iterational

statements are executed repeatedly

pill

represents the start/end of a program in a flowchart

rectangle

represents a task or action in a flowchart

diamond

represents a decision in a flowchart

parallelogram

represents input or output in a flowchart

algorithm

a procedure or formula (to solve a problem)

runtime error

problem that occurs while programming is running and not caught by compiler

syntax error

one or more characters incorrectly placed in a command that causes a failure in execution

logic error

mistake in source code that results in unexpected behavior

compile-time error

error that occurs when code is compiled and is typically a result of a syntax error

compareTo()

compares two strings lexicographically with the value based on the Unicode value of each character in the string

lexicographical

dictionary or "alphabetical" order

while

used to create a loop which tests a boolean expression and executes the block of statements associated with the loop if the expression evaluates to true

keyword

one of 50 reserved terms that have a special function and a set definition in the Java programming language

exception

event that disrupts the normal flow of a program's instructions

thread

independent path of execution within a program

do

used in conjunction with while to create a loop that executes a block of code once before testing an expression

scope

the region of a computer program where the name binding of a variable is valid

length()

returns an int representing the total number of characters in the String

charAt()

returns the character in a String at a given parameter

for

used to create a loop which specifies a variable initialization, a boolean expression, and an incrementation