unit 3 big set

Belief systems

The alignment of ancient Chinese cities toward the cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) best illustrates the importance of which of the following factors in the shaping of these early cities?

Ethnocentrism

Which of the following is the belief that one's own culture is the best or better than other cultures?

Cultural trait

Identify which of the following concepts or processes is symbolized by the pagoda in the image.

centrifugal forces within a state

Cultural differences within a country's population, such as different religions, languages, and ethnicities, have political impacts and can best be described as

cultural landscape

Comparing both photographs, each image shows the significance of temples, religious statuary, and iconography on the

placemaking

The temples shown in the images, combined with the surrounding scenic physical landscape, have become centers of pilgrimage and tourism. These factors combine to result in enhanced religious expression and local

The Southwest, because residents are influenced by Spanish Catholicism.

Which of the following statements explains the regional location in the United States where the figures shown in the image are most likely part of the cultural landscape?

the forms superimposed on the physical environment by the activities of humans

Cultural landscape can be defined as

Adobe ruins

Which of the following is an example of a cultural landscape?

Cultural diffusion

Which of the following geographic concepts can be identified using information evident in the image?

The French language on the banner hanging from the building

Which of the following features is most useful for describing the cultural landscape shown in the image?

Built environment

Cultural landscape is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Religion

Identify the cultural trait that influences the architecture of the cultural landscape shown in the image.

Culture traits

Which of the following terms best describes the food preferences, architecture, and land-use practices found in a particular region?

A voluntary urban community where people of similar origin reside

An ethnic neighborhood is best described as which of the following?

Some foods are avoided for religious or cultural reasons even at the expense of a balanced diet.

Which of the following is most accurate with regard to food preferences and taboos?

The sign promotes the use of traditional language among citizens of the Republic of Ireland.

The photograph shows a road sign in the Republic of Ireland. Which of the following best describes the sign's significance within the cultural landscape?

The Middle East

A world map of hog production per capita would reveal the lowest values in which of the following regions?

Spanish and American Indian languages

Based on the map, which of the following languages are most likely to be spoken in counties where 60 percent or more of residents spoke a language other than English at home?

Caucasus

Which of the following areas has the greatest linguistic fragmentation?

The map shows the distribution of the Indo-European language family, which diffused from its hearth in the Caucasus Mountains and spread throughout Eurasia through contagious diffusion and into the Americas, Africa, and Australia through colonialism and relocation diffusion.

The map shows the distribution of the language family that has the largest number of speakers in the world. Which statement correctly identifies the language family shown and the method of diffusion that best explains the pattern?

Roman Catholicism

The principal religion of Central and South America is

Spanish colonialism influenced architecture of the cultural landscape.

The image shows a religious structure in Mexico City. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on the image?

It is the outcome of interactions between humans and their natural environment.

Which of the following best defines Carl Sauer's concept of cultural landscape?

A clustered pattern of Swedish ethnicity

In the late nineteenth century, a large proportion of Swedish immigrants that came to the United States settled in rural areas of Minnesota. Descendants of these communities remain in Minnesota today, as shown on the map. Which of the following best describes the pattern of Swedish-American ethnicity within Minnesota's cultural landscape?

Arabic

The urban linguistic landscape shown in the photograph above is most likely found in a region where which of the following languages is spoken?

Linguistic homogeneity

Which of the following does NOT act as a centrifugal force for a state?

Similar environmental laws will likely spread through stimulus diffusion to other states via political activism.

The state of California, often considered a hearth of environmental laws, will be the first state to ban plastic straws. Which of the following statements best describes the likely spread of this environmental practice?

Christianity was brought to the Philippines through relocation diffusion when the Spanish colonized the Philippines in the sixteenth century.

Which of the following best explains how Christianity became the dominant religion in the Philippines?

large heterogeneous groups

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of

The mix of Native American, African, and European influences to create new cultural forms

Which of the following describes the process of creolization?

spread of an idea or innovation from its source

The term "cultural diffusion" refers to the

The spread of an Internet meme via social media applications

Which of the following best exemplifies the diffusion of popular culture throughout the world in contemporary society?

Stimulus diffusion, because the Europeans adapted a Chinese concept to fit their own needs

Chinese porcelain was highly valued in Europe for its beauty, style, and durability. However, imported porcelain from China was very expensive. Crafters in Germany and England developed new methods of making porcelain using feldspar and bone rather than the kaolin that was used in China. This new porcelain was viewed as having similar quality to Chinese porcelain, and the new methods continued to be used in Europe.

This example describes what type of diffusion?

A lack of infrastructure to support a new technology

Sometimes a diffusion process encounters barriers that slow or stop the spread of an innovation. Which of the following is an example of such a barrier?

The English language initially diffused to North America through the process of relocation diffusion. A number of colonies were established and settled by people from Great Britain.

Which of the following statements best explains why English is the most widely spoken language in North America?

Cuba

All of the following were colonized by France EXCEPT

The English language was imposed on this location through a process of economic and political domination.

Which of the following best explains how the English language diffused to the location shown in the image?

It decreases.

According to the figure above, which of the following choices best describes the changes in interaction as distance increases?

The increasing sales of clothing brands endorsed by professional athletes to customers in Europe

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of hierarchical diffusion?

The English language legacy of British colonialism in India

Cities in India have a competitive advantage over cities in China as locations for international consumer services, such as call centers and bill processing. This advantage has its origins in which of the following?

The English language is widely used on the Internet.

Which of the following best explains the Internet's homogenizing effect on global language patterns?

Time-space convergence

Which of the following terms best describes the spatial effects of the Internet on the global diffusion of culture?

It incorporates traits that diffuse quickly to a wide variety of places.

Which of the following is true of popular culture?

Hmong in the United States

Which of the following language-location pairs best exemplifies the process of relocation diffusion of language in the twentieth century?

The colonial economies were export-oriented.

Why are most South American population centers located at or near the coast?

lingua franca

Swahili in East Africa and English in global commerce are examples of

creolized language

The Gullah language is spoken in African-American communities of the coastal southeastern United States, particularly in South Carolina, Georgia, and northeastern Florida. It is a combination of Elizabethan English and African dialects. One can describe Gullah as a

hierarchical diffusion

The spread of specialty coffee shops across the United States in the 1990s is an example of

Relocation diffusion

The spread of the use of chopsticks into Southeast Asian countries with the influx of Chinese immigrants is an example of which of the following concepts?

Diffusion of popular culture

Which of the following best accounts for the universal appeal of blue jeans?

reverse hierarchical diffusion

The diffusion pattern of Walmart stores, which have spread from small towns to large cities throughout the United States, is an example of

The American government educated Native American children in American-style boarding schools. All of the children were taught English, and girls were taught how to be homemakers.

Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation?

The repeated relocations have resulted in a wide diversity of Christian religious beliefs and practices.

Christianity has expanded through repeated patterns of relocation diffusion to spread to the Americas. Which of the following explains the impacts of this diffusion on Christianity in the Americas?

Syncretism

As Buddhism diffused through East Asia, Buddhist traditions blended with local cultural customs to create distinct religious practices, such as Daoism in China and Shinto in Japan. Which of the following terms best describes this blending of cultural traditions?

Hinduism and South Asia

Which of the following correctly pairs a global religion described with its hearth region of origin?

Islam diffused hierarchically to the west through conquest and to the east through relocation via missionaries along trade routes.

Based on the two images, which of the following statements best explains the geographic process that took place as Islam diffused from its hearth?

Judaism

Which of the following is an example of an ethnic religion?

Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, Nile Valley, North China

Which of the following correctly lists the four major ancient culture hearths?

The Internet spreads the use of English as a global lingua franca, but the Internet is also a place where traditional languages can be communicated and thrive.

The sign shown in the image includes an Internet address for the county government. Explain how the sign illustrates the cultural tensions between traditional languages and English.

Immigrants often retain their religion during the process of acculturation, contributing to religious diversity within the cultural landscape of the receiving country.

Which of the following best explains how immigration affects the cultural landscape of religion?

Indo-European, Germanic, English, Midland-Northern

Which of the following correctly sequences the continuum from language family to dialect?

The population divided and evolved into the four different languages, and then the disease spread.

If four languages have similar words for numbers and the names of fish, but different names for a certain disease, what might be concluded about the time at which the disease first diffused?

Southwest Asia

The world's three major monotheistic religions originated in which of the following regions?

The schools were intended to diffuse Christianity and assimilate indigenous youth into European culture.

Which of the following best explains the practice of placing indigenous children in boarding schools in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

The map shows how in many areas of the former French empire the language persists despite the independence of former colonies.

How does the map illustrate global diffusion of the French language from its cultural hearth in Paris?

It is a universalizing religion.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hinduism?

Hindu

A pilgrim to Varanasi (Benares) in India is most likely to be a

Lutheran

Which of the following religions is predominant in the states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota?

Buddhism . . India

Which of the following religions is appropriately matched with its region of origin?

China

In which of the following countries has the diffusion of Christianity met the most resistance?

Buddhism

Which of the following originated in South Asia and subsequently spread throughout much of Southeast and East Asia?

Toponyms

Which of the following is a term used in the study of place names?

Central Asia

The Indo-European language family includes the major languages of Europe and those dominant in all the following regions EXCEPT

Cultural heritage of the settlers

Toponyms in southern California reflect which of the following?

Hinduism is an ethnic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a universalizing religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

Hinduism and Buddhism have their origins in South Asia. Much of Hinduism's population is concentrated in South Asia, whereas much of Buddhism's population has diffused to other parts of Asia. Which of the following best explains this difference in the cultural diffusion of Hinduism and Buddhism?