ap human geo unit 5 quiz 1 yi

Agribusiness

Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

Agriculture

the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide products

Commercial

Agriculture

to grow enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit.

Crop

Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.

Cop Rotation

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

Desertification

Degradation of land, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

Double Cropping

Harvesting twice a year from the same field.

Extensive Agriculture

An agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area.

Extensive Commercial

Agriculture

large farms that produce crops or livestock for sale.

Extensive Subsistence

Agriculture

Using a large amount of land to farm food for the farmer's family to eat.

Grain Farming

A type of commercial agriculture, is extensive and mechanized, that produces mainly wheat. ( Extensive )

Green Revolution

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Horticulture

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers in a garden

Intensive Agriculture

an agricultural system involving the applying of large amounts of labor in small plots of land.

Intensive Commercial

Agriculture

an agricultural system involving the applying of large amounts of labor in small plots of land. And it's for human consumption/sales.

Intensive Subsistence

Agriculture

an agricultural system involving the applying of large amounts of labor in small plots of land. And it's only for the farmer's own family.

Milkshed

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

Mediterranean

Agriculture

specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails. ( Intensive )

Market Gardening

The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. Small area of land and labor is done manually. ( intensive ).

Mixed Crop and

Livestock Farming

In the cold and warm mid latitudes, growing corn, grain, soybeans, and cattle and pigs. Commercial farming that uses crops to feed the livestock. ( Intensive ).

Pastoral Nomadism

Subsistence farming in which nomads move herds from different pasture and trade the products, and rely on the animals for survival. ( Extensive ).

Plantation

a large commercial farm that

specializes in one crop.

Prime Agricultural

Land

Land with the most favorable combination of soil quality, water availability, topography, and climate for farming.

Ranching

A form of commercial agriculture that involves the raising of livestockon large areas of land, typically in regions with dry climates where crop agriculture is not practical.

Reaper

A machine that cuts grain standing in a field.

Ridge Tillage

System of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.

Seed Agriculture

the practice of growing crops from seeds (like wheat, rice, corn) resulting from sexual reproduction

Shifting Cultivation

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

Slash-Burn Agriculture

Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.

Subsistence

Agriculture

to grow enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of

the farmer and his or her family.

Sustainable

Agriculture

Agriculture that fulfills the need for food and fiber while enhancing the quality of the soil, minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources.

Threshed

To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it.

Transhumance

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

Transnational

Corporations

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters is located.

Truck Farming

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.

Vegetative Planting

reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants

Wet Rice

rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

Winter Wheat

is planted in the fall and harvested in early summer. It is

grown in warmer regions such as Kansas, Oklahoma, and Europe.

Spring Wheat

wheat is planted in early spring and harvested in early autumn. It

is grown in colder regions such as Canada, Montana, and the Dakotas.

Value-added Crops

those for which consumers are willing to pay more because of

special qualities or because they are difficult to acquire:

Value-added Farming

occurs when farmers process their crops into

high-value products, rather than simply selling it as it comes from the field.

Vertical Farms

A new type of urban

farming where they grow

crops inside in stackable trays,

using greenhouses, artificial

lights, and hydroponics.

Vertical Integration

the ownership

of other businesses involved in the steps of producing a a particular good.

Von Thunen Model

concept that farmers' decisions

regarding what to produce were based largely upon four factors: transportation

costs, land costs, intensity ofland use, and perishability of the product.